CDMA: principles of spread spectrum communication
CDMA: principles of spread spectrum communication
RF microelectronics
CMOS data converters for communications
CMOS data converters for communications
A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Modulation scaling for Energy Aware Communication Systems
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy efficient Modulation and MAC for Asymmetric RF Microsensor Systems
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Power estimation methods for analog circuits for architectural exploration of integrated systems
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Communication-Based Power Management
IEEE Design & Test
Power management for energy-aware communication systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
A Complete Phase-Locked Loop Power Consumption Model
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Energy Efficient Broadcast Routing in Static Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy-constrained modulation optimization
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Design of energy-efficient high-speed links via forward error correction
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
Energy efficient video transmission over fast fading channels
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
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As CMOS technology scales down, digital supply voltage and digital power consumption goes down. However, the supply voltage and power consumption of the RF front-end and analog sections do not scale in a similar fashion. In fact, in many state-of-the-art communication transceivers, RF and analog sections can consume more energy compared to the digital part. In this paper, first, a system level energy model for all the components in the RF and analog front-end is presented. Next, the RF and analog front-end energy consumption and communication quality of three representative systems are analyzed: a single user point-to-point wireless data communication system, a multi-user code division multiple access (CDMA)-based system and a receive-only video distribution system. For the single user system, the effect of occupied signal bandwidth, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), symbol rate, constellation size, and pulse-shaping filter roll-off factor is analyzed; for the CDMA-based multi-user system, the effect of the number of users in the cell and multiple access interference (MAI) along with the PAR and filter roll-off factor is studied; for the receive-only system, the effect of 1/f noise for direct-conversion receiver and the effect of IF frequency for low-IF architecture on the RF front-end power consumption is analyzed. For a given communication quality specification, it is shown that the energy consumption of a wireless communication front-end can be scaled down by adjusting parameters such as the pulse shaping filter roll-off factor, constellation size, symbol rate, number of users in the cell, and signal center frequency.