A Method for Enforcing Integrability in Shape from Shading Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Method for Registration of 3-D Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
The computer image
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Processing: Advanced Modeling and Methods
Face Processing: Advanced Modeling and Methods
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Efficient Multimodal 2D-3D Hybrid Approach to Automatic Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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This paper presents a novel 3D face shape capture device suitable for practical face recognition applications. A new surface fitting based face alignment algorithm is then presented to normalise the pose in preparation for recognition. The 3D data capture consists of a photometric stereo rig capable of acquiring four images, each with a different light source direction, in just 15ms. This high-speed data acquisition process allows all images to be taken without significant movement between images, a previously highly restrictive disadvantage of photometric stereo. The alignment algorithm is based on fitting bivariate polynomials to the reconstructed faces and calculating the pitch, roll and yaw from the resulting polynomial parameters. Successful experiments are performed on a range of faces and pose variations.