Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
The Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model: Analysis and Applications
Machine Learning
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition
Advanced Methods in Neural Computing
Advanced Methods in Neural Computing
Optical Time-Domain Eavesdropping Risks of CRT Displays
SP '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
A second-order Hidden Markov Model for part-of-speech tagging
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
Timing analysis of keystrokes and timing attacks on SSH
SSYM'01 Proceedings of the 10th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 10
Timing attacks on PIN input devices
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
TouchLogger: inferring keystrokes on touch screen from smartphone motion
HotSec'11 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX conference on Hot topics in security
Heat of the moment: characterizing the efficacy of thermal camera-based attacks
WOOT'11 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on Offensive technologies
iSpy: automatic reconstruction of typed input from compromising reflections
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Tapprints: your finger taps have fingerprints
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
On the practicality of motion based keystroke inference attack
TRUST'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Trust and Trustworthy Computing
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security
Practicality of accelerometer side channels on smartphones
Proceedings of the 28th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Keyboard clawing: input method by clawing key tops
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: interaction modalities and techniques - Volume Part IV
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We examine the problem of keyboard acoustic emanations. We present a novel attack taking as input a 10-minute sound recording of a user typing English text using a keyboard and recovering up to 96% of typed characters. There is no need for training recordings labeled with the corresponding clear text. A recognizer bootstrapped from a 10-minute sound recording can even recognize random text such as passwords: In our experiments, 90% of 5-character random passwords using only letters can be generated in fewer than 20 attempts by an adversary; 80% of 10-character passwords can be generated in fewer than 75 attempts by an adversary. In the attack, we use the statistical constraints of the underlying content, English language, to reconstruct text from sound recordings without knowing the corresponding clear text. The attack incorporates a combination of standard machine learning and speech recognition techniques, including cepstrum features, Hidden Markov Models, linear classification, and feedback-based incremental learning.