White-Box Cryptography and an AES Implementation
SAC '02 Revised Papers from the 9th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography
On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs
CRYPTO '01 Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Identity-Based Encryption from the Weil Pairing
CRYPTO '01 Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Relations Among Notions of Security for Public-Key Encryption Schemes
CRYPTO '98 Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Zero-Knowledge and Code Obfuscation
ASIACRYPT '00 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Short Signatures from the Weil Pairing
ASIACRYPT '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Probabilistic encryption & how to play mental poker keeping secret all partial information
STOC '82 Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
On obfuscating point functions
Proceedings of the thirty-seventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
On the Impossibility of Obfuscation with Auxiliary Input
FOCS '05 Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
TCC'07 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Theory of cryptography
Obfuscation for cryptographic purposes
TCC'07 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Theory of cryptography
Securely obfuscating re-encryption
TCC'07 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Theory of cryptography
Aggregate and verifiably encrypted signatures from bilinear maps
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
Cryptanalysis of white-box DES implementations with arbitrary external encodings
SAC'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
Cryptanalysis of white box DES implementations
SAC'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
Obfuscating point functions with multibit output
EUROCRYPT'08 Proceedings of the theory and applications of cryptographic techniques 27th annual international conference on Advances in cryptology
Cryptanalysis of a white box AES implementation
SAC'04 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
The security of triple encryption and a framework for code-based game-playing proofs
EUROCRYPT'06 Proceedings of the 24th annual international conference on The Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
A framework for analyzing RFID distance bounding protocols
Journal of Computer Security - 2010 Workshop on RFID Security (RFIDSec'10 Asia)
How secret-sharing can defeat terrorist fraud
Proceedings of the fourth ACM conference on Wireless network security
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While code obfuscation attempts to hide certain characteristics of a program independently of an application, white-box cryptography (WBC) specifically focuses on software implementations of cryptographic primitives in an application. The aim of WBC is to resist attacks from an adversary having access to some `executable' code with an embedded secret key. WBC, if possible, would have several applications. However, unlike obfuscation, it lacks a theoretical foundation. We present a first step towards a theoretical model of WBC via white-box security notions. We also present some positive and negative results on WBC and obfuscation. In particular, we show that for most interesting programs (such as an encryption algorithm), there are security notions that cannot be satisfied when the adversary has white-box access, while they are satisfied when it has black-box access. On the positive side, we show that there exists an obfuscator for a symmetric encryption scheme in the context of a useful security-notion (such as IND-CPA).