Identity authentication based on keystroke latencies
Communications of the ACM
The nature of statistical learning theory
The nature of statistical learning theory
Authentication via keystroke dynamics
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization
Advances in kernel methods
Keystroke dynamics as a biometric for authentication
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue on security on the Web
Data mining: concepts and techniques
Data mining: concepts and techniques
CUU '00 Proceedings on the 2000 conference on Universal Usability
Cognitive cubes: a tangible user interface for cognitive assessment
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keystroke Analysis as a Method of Advanced User Authentication and Response
SEC '02 Proceedings of the IFIP TC11 17th International Conference on Information Security: Visions and Perspectives
Physical disabilities and computing technologies: an analysis of impairments
The human-computer interaction handbook
SmartCar: Detecting Driver Stress
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 4
The Bayes Point Machine for computer-user frustration detection via pressuremouse
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Lessons learned using ubiquitous sensors for data collection in real homes
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User re-authentication via mouse movements
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Visualization and data mining for computer security
Sensor Networks for Continuous Health Monitoring
BT Technology Journal
Introduction to Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)
Introduction to Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)
Keystroke analysis of free text
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Haptic: the new biometrics-embedded media to recognizing and quantifying human patterns
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Automatic cognitive load detection from speech features
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Embedded assessment: overcoming barriers to early detection with pervasive computing
PERVASIVE'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pervasive Computing
User authentication through typing biometrics features
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Unobtrusive monitoring of computer interactions to detect cognitive status in elders
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
A wearable point-of-care system for home use that incorporates plug-and-play and wireless standards
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
RTWPMS: A Real-Time Wireless Physiological Monitoring System
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Identifying emotional states using keystroke dynamics
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User modelling for exclusion and anomaly detection: a behavioural intrusion detection system
UMAP'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
USAB'11 Proceedings of the 7th conference on Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering of the Austrian Computer Society: information Quality in e-Health
Learning how to feel again: towards affective workplace presence and communication technologies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multimodal behavioral analysis for non-invasive stress detection
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Understanding physiological responses to stressors during physical activity
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
A proposed model for data warehouse user behaviour using intrusion detection system
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Subject-dependent biosignal features for increased accuracy in psychological stress detection
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Different strokes for different folks: individual stress response as manifested in typed text
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction
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Monitoring of cognitive and physical function is central to the care of people with or at risk for various health conditions, but existing solutions rely on intrusive methods that are inadequate for continuous tracking. Less intrusive techniques that facilitate more accurate and frequent monitoring of the status of cognitive or physical function become increasingly desirable as the population ages and lifespan increases. Since the number of seniors using computers continues to grow dramatically, a method that exploits normal daily computer interactions is attractive. This research explores the possibility of detecting cognitive and physical stress by monitoring keyboard interactions with the eventual goal of detecting acute or gradual changes in cognitive and physical function. Researchers have already attributed a certain amount of variability and ''drift'' in an individual's typing pattern to situational factors as well as stress, but this phenomenon has not been explored adequately. In an attempt to detect changes in typing associated with stress, this research analyzes keystroke and linguistic features of spontaneously generated text. Results show that it is possible to classify cognitive and physical stress conditions relative to non-stress conditions based on keystroke and linguistic features with accuracy rates comparable to those currently obtained using affective computing methods. The proposed approach is attractive because it requires no additional hardware, is unobtrusive, is adaptable to individual users, and is of very low cost. This research demonstrates the potential of exploiting continuous monitoring of keyboard interactions to support the early detection of changes in cognitive and physical function.