Towards a definition and working model of stress and its effects on speech
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech under stress
Heart rate variability: indicator of user state as an aid to human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Modeling and prediction of human behavior
Neural Computation
Modeling drivers' speech under stress
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
Pupil size variation as an indication of affective processing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in humanComputer interaction
Wearable and automotive systems for affect recognition from physiology
Wearable and automotive systems for affect recognition from physiology
Evaluation of Voice Stress Analysis Technology
HICSS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'05) - Track 1 - Volume 01
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Guest Editors' Introduction: Pervasive Computing in Sports Technologies
IEEE Pervasive Computing
A Real-Time Human Stress Monitoring System Using Dynamic Bayesian Network
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Do physiological data relate to traditional usability indexes?
OZCHI '05 Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Citizens Online: Considerations for Today and the Future
Hidden Markov model-based speech emotion recognition
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
A Combined Bayesian Markovian Approach for Behaviour Recognition
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 01
Detection of Acute Stress by Heart Rate Variability Using a Prototype Mobile ECG Sensor
ICHIT '06 Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02
Galvanic skin response (GSR) as an index of cognitive load
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using noninvasive wearable computers to recognize human emotions from physiological signals
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
License to chill!: how to empower users to cope with stress
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Emotion recognition using brain activity
CompSysTech '08 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies and Workshop for PhD Students in Computing
A Review of Measurement and Analysis of Heart Rate Variability
ICCAE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering
Automated stress detection using keystroke and linguistic features: An exploratory study
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Fuzzy filtering for physiological signal analysis
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Non-intrusive physiological monitoring for automated stress detection in human-computer interaction
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on Human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
Facial Expression Analysis for Predicting Unsafe Driving Behavior
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Neural network based emotion estimation using heart rate variability and skin resistance
ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part I
COST'09 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Development of Multimodal Interfaces: active Listening and Synchrony
Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Fuzzy Techniques for Subjective Workload-Score Modeling Under Uncertainties
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Toward Emotion Recognition in Car-Racing Drivers: A Biosignal Processing Approach
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Fuzzy Evaluation of Heart Rate Signals for Mental Stress Assessment
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Hybrid genetic algorithms for stress recognition in reading
EvoBIO'13 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics
Modeling stress recognition in typical virtual environments
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare
Enabling self-reflection with LifelogExplorer: generating simple views from complex data
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare
Applied Soft Computing
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Modeling observer stress for typical real environments
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Stress is a major growing concern in our day and age adversely impacting both individuals and society. Stress research has a wide range of benefits from improving personal operations, learning, and increasing work productivity to benefiting society - making it an interesting and socially beneficial area of research. This survey reviews sensors that have been used to measure stress and investigates techniques for modelling stress. It discusses non-invasive and unobtrusive sensors for measuring computed stress, a term we coin in the paper. Sensors that do not impede everyday activities that could be used by those who would like to monitor stress levels on a regular basis (e.g. vehicle drivers, patients with illnesses linked to stress) is the focus of the discussion. Computational techniques have the capacity to determine optimal sensor fusion and automate data analysis for stress recognition and classification. Several computational techniques have been developed to model stress based on techniques such as Bayesian networks, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines, which this survey investigates. The survey concludes with a summary and provides possible directions for further computational stress research.