ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Special issue: position statements on strategic directions in computing research
Affective computing
Perceptual user interfaces: perceptual intelligence
Communications of the ACM
Gazing and frowning as a new human--computer interaction technique
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Understanding the effect of life-like interface agents through users' eye movements
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Detection of electromyographic signals from facial muscles with neural networks
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Toward a decision-theoretic framework for affect recognition and user assistance
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Human-computer interaction research in the managemant information systems discipline
Real-time estimation of emotional experiences from facial expressions
Interacting with Computers
Eye movements as indices for the utility of life-like interface agents: A pilot study
Interacting with Computers
Voluntary pupil size change as control in eyes only interaction
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Invisible eni: using gaze and pupil size to control a game
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Are you bored?: Maybe an interface agent can help!
Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Designing for Habitus and Habitat
Power to the people: Leveraging human physiological traits to control microprocessor frequency
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Monitoring and Processing of the Pupil Diameter Signal for Affective Assessment of a Computer User
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Investigating the Utility of Eye-Tracking Information on Affect and Reasoning for User Modeling
UMAP '09 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH
Visual complexity of websites: Effects on users' experience, physiology, performance, and memory
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Lie tracking: social presence, truth and deception in avatar-mediated telecommunication
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Suggestion of methods for understanding user's emotional changes while using a product
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Human interface: Part I
Non-intrusive physiological monitoring for automated stress detection in human-computer interaction
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on Human-computer interaction
Conference Internationale Francophone sur I'Interaction Homme-Machine
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Negative sentiment in scenarios elicit pupil dilation response: an auditory study
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Student progress assessment with the help of an intelligent pupil analysis system
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Measuring instant emotions based on facial expressions during computer-based assessment
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
A multimodal approach for online estimation of subtle facial expression
PCM'12 Proceedings of the 13th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Indexing cognitive workload based on pupillary response under luminance and emotional changes
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Hybrid genetic algorithms for stress recognition in reading
EvoBIO'13 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge
Automatic classification of eye activity for cognitive load measurement with emotion interference
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: user and context diversity - Volume 2
Psychophysiological assessment tools for evaluation of learning technologies
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information: information and interaction for learning, culture, collaboration and business - Volume Part III
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The present objective was to investigate pupil size variation during and after auditory emotional stimulation. Thirty subjects' (15 females and 15 males) pupil responses were measured while listening to 10 negative and 10 positive highly arousing sounds (e.g. a baby crying and laughing), and 10 emotionally neutral sounds (e.g. regular office noise). The subjects also rated their subjective experiences related to the stimuli. The results showed that the pupil size was significantly larger during both emotionally negative and positive stimuli than during neutral stimuli. The results for the time period of 2s following the stimulus offset showed that pupil size was significantly larger after both negative and positive than neutral stimulation. These results suggest that the autonomic nervous system is sensitive to highly arousing emotional stimulation. The subjective ratings confirmed that the stimuli influenced the subjects' emotional experiences as expected. Further analyses showed that female subjects had significantly larger pupil responses than males only to neutral stimuli and only during the auditory stimulation. In sum, our results showed that systematically chosen stimuli significantly affected the subjects' physiological reactions and subjective experiences. It could be possible to use pupil size variation as a computer input signal, for example, in affective computing. Auditory emotion-related cues could also be utilized to modulate the user's emotional reactions.