Affective computing
Pupil size variation as an indication of affective processing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EyeDraw: enabling children with severe motor impairments to draw with their eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Empathic tutoring software agents using real-time eye tracking
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Use of eye movements for video game control
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Evaluating usability based on multimodal information: an empirical study
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Voluntary pupil size change as control in eyes only interaction
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Gazing at games: using eye tracking to control virtual characters
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Courses
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We present an eyes-only computer game, Invisible Eni, which uses gaze, blinking and as a novelty pupil size to affect game state. Pupil size can be indirectly controlled by physical activation, strong emotional experiences and cognitive effort. Invisible Eni maps the pupil size variations to the game mechanics and allows players to control game objects by use of willpower. We present the design rationale behind the interaction in Invisible Eni and consider the design implications of using pupil measurements in the interface. We discuss limitations for pupil based interaction and provide suggestions for using pupil size as an active input modality.