The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Affective computing
Interacting with an embodied emotional character
DPPI '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Designing pleasurable products and interfaces
Emotion and sociable humanoid robots
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Pupil size variation as an indication of affective processing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Sociable machines: expressive social exchange between humans and robots
Sociable machines: expressive social exchange between humans and robots
eMoto: affectively involving both body and mind
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
Evaluating users' experience of a character-enhanced information space
AI Communications
Empathic agents to reduce user frustration: The effects of varying agent characteristics
Interacting with Computers
A generic emotional contagion computational model
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Proceedings of the 30th ACM international conference on Design of communication
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In this paper we present the influence of Emotive Interface Agents on task-induced boredom. We studied the effects of two agents --- friendly and unfriendly. The results show that, like human-human interaction, emotional contagion can happen between agents and users and that it can lead to reduction in task induced boredom. As expected, the friendly agent proved to be more successful in reducing boredom and maintaining participants' focus on task than the unfriendly agent. Moreover, participants felt that the friendly agent added stimulation to the task. This indicates that the friendly agent had some influence on the perception of the task. However, the effects of the unfriendly agent should not be downplayed. Even though the unfriendly agent was perceived as irritating and annoying, a majority of the participants felt that the agent masked the boredom and the monotony of performing a simple repetitive task. More surprisingly many participants found it entertaining to interact with the unfriendly agent, implying counter contagion of emotions. Given the findings of this study, we believe that agents have great potential in regulating emotions. We believe these agents can be successfully used in everyday monotonous/boring tasks such as e-form filling and data entry. With further research we also believe that agents can be extended into learning environments to assist in regulating emotions in learners.