On the union of fat tetrahedra in three dimensions

  • Authors:
  • Esther Ezra;Micha Sharir

  • Affiliations:
  • Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel and New York University, New York, NY

  • Venue:
  • Journal of the ACM (JACM)
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

We show that the combinatorial complexity of the union of n “fat” tetrahedra in 3-space (i.e., tetrahedra all of whose solid angles are at least some fixed constant) of arbitrary sizes, is O(n2+ϵ), for any ϵ 0;the bound is almost tight in the worst case, thus almost settling a conjecture of Pach et al. [2003]. Our result extends, in a significant way, the result of Pach et al. [2003] for the restricted case of nearly congruent cubes. The analysis uses cuttings, combined with the Dobkin-Kirkpatrick hierarchical decomposition of convex polytopes, in order to partition space into subcells, so that, on average, the overwhelming majority of the tetrahedra intersecting a subcell Δ behave as fat dihedral wedges in Δ. As an immediate corollary, we obtain that the combinatorial complexity of the union of n cubes in R3, having arbitrary side lengths, is O(n2+ϵ), for any ϵ 0 (again, significantly extending the result of Pach et al. [2003]). Finally, our analysis can easily be extended to yield a nearly quadratic bound on the complexity of the union of arbitrarily oriented fat triangular prisms (whose cross-sections have arbitrary sizes) in R3.