Navigation in electronic worlds: a CHI 97 workshop
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
The development of language processing support for the ViSiCAST project
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on 3D web technology
Providing signed content on the Internet by synthesized animation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
SignWriting on mobile phones for the deaf
Mobility '06 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile technology, applications & systems
Generating American Sign Language animation: overcoming misconceptions and technical challenges
Universal Access in the Information Society
Evaluation of American Sign Language Generation by Native ASL Signers
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
A Linguistically Motivated Model for Speed and Pausing in Animations of American Sign Language
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
SNIF-ACT: a model of information foraging on the world wide web
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
Avaliando modelos de interação para comunicação de deficientes auditivos
Proceedings of the IX Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SWift: a SignWriting improved fast transcriber
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
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Sign Languages (SL) are underrepresented in the digital world, which contributes to the digital divide for the Deaf Community. In this paper, our goal is twofold: (1) to review the implications of current SL generation technologies for two key user web tasks, information search and learning and (2) to propose a taxonomy of the technical and functional dimensions for categorizing those technologies. The review reveals that although contents can currently be portrayed in SL by means of videos of human signers or avatars, the debate about how bilingual (text and SL) versus SL-only websites affect signers' comprehension of hypertext content emerges as an unresolved issue in need of further empirical research. The taxonomy highlights that videos of human signers are ecological but require a high-cost group of experts to perform text to SL translations, video editing and web uploading. Avatar technology, generally associated with automatic text-SL translators, reduces bandwidth requirements and human resources but it lacks reliability. The insights gained through this review may enable designers, educators or users to select the technology that best suits their goals.