South African Sign Language Machine Translation System
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual Reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Educational resources and implementation of a Greek sign language synthesis architecture
Computers & Education
Generating american sign language classifier predicates for english-to-asl machine translation
Generating american sign language classifier predicates for english-to-asl machine translation
Providing signed content on the Internet by synthesized animation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Universal Access in the Information Society
A knowledge-based sign synthesis architecture
Universal Access in the Information Society
Generating American Sign Language animation: overcoming misconceptions and technical challenges
Universal Access in the Information Society
Evaluation of American Sign Language Generation by Native ASL Signers
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Evaluation of a psycholinguistically motivated timing model for animations of american sign language
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services
Technology for supporting web information search and learning in Sign Language
Interacting with Computers
Accurate and Accessible Motion-Capture Glove Calibration for Sign Language Data Collection
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Collecting a motion-capture corpus of American Sign Language for data-driven generation research
SLPAT '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies
ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing
Improving accessibility to web documents for the aurally challenged with sign language animation
Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Sign language avatars: animation and comprehensibility
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Assessing the deaf user perspective on sign language avatars
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Synthesizing mood-affected signed messages: Modifications to the parametric synthesis
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Collecting and evaluating the CUNY ASL corpus for research on American Sign Language animation
Computer Speech and Language
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Many deaf adults in the United States have difficulty reading written English text; computer animations of American Sign Language (ASL) can improve these individuals’ access to information, communication, and services. Planning and scripting the movements of a virtual character’s arms and body to perform a grammatically correct and understandable ASL sentence is a difficult task, and the timing subtleties of the animation can be particularly challenging. After examining the psycholinguistics literature on the speed and timing of ASL, we have designed software to calculate realistic timing of the movements in ASL animations. We have built algorithms to calculate the time-duration of signs and the location/length of pauses during an ASL animation. To determine whether our software can improve the quality of ASL animations, we conducted a study in which native ASL signers evaluated the ASL animations processed by our algorithms. We have found that: (1) adding linguistically motivated pauses and variations in sign-durations improved signers’ performance on a comprehension task and (2) these animations were rated as more understandable by ASL signers.