Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The development of language processing support for the ViSiCAST project
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Real-time inverse kinematics techniques for anthropomorphic limbs
Graphical Models and Image Processing
Tessa, a system to aid communication with deaf people
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
A Complete System for the Specification and the Generation of Sign Language Gestures
GW '99 Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction
SignSynth: A Sign Language Synthesis Application Using Web3D and Perl
GW '01 Revised Papers from the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
Synthetic Animation of Deaf Signing Gestures
GW '01 Revised Papers from the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
High Level Specification and Control of Communication Gestures: The GESSYCA System
CA '99 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
An animated Auslan Tuition System
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Development of a Legible Deaf-Signing Virtual Human
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
Evaluation of a psycholinguistically motivated timing model for animations of american sign language
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A Linguistically Motivated Model for Speed and Pausing in Animations of American Sign Language
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services
Technology for supporting web information search and learning in Sign Language
Interacting with Computers
Using mobile devices to support communication between emergency medical responders and deaf people
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Collecting a motion-capture corpus of American Sign Language for data-driven generation research
SLPAT '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies
Why is the creation of a virtual signer challenging computer animation?
MIG'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Motion in games
Improving accessibility to web documents for the aurally challenged with sign language animation
Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics
Improving multimodal web accessibility for deaf people: sign language interpreter module
Multimedia Tools and Applications
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Integration of a spanish-to-LSE machine translation system into an E-learning platform
UAHCI'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services - Volume Part IV
Sign language avatars: animation and comprehensibility
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Assessing the deaf user perspective on sign language avatars
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Web-based sign language synthesis and animation for on-line assistive technologies
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Synthesizing mood-affected signed messages: Modifications to the parametric synthesis
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Spanish Sign Language synthesis system
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Effect of presenting video as a baseline during an american sign language animation user study
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Methodological foundation for sign language 3d motion trajectory analysis
IDA'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis
Manual labour: tackling machine translation for sign languages
Machine Translation
Effect of Displaying Human Videos During an Evaluation Study of American Sign Language Animation
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Integrating MultiWordNet with Italian Sign Language lexical resources
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Collecting and evaluating the CUNY ASL corpus for research on American Sign Language animation
Computer Speech and Language
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Written information is often of limited accessibility to deaf people who use sign language. The eSign project was undertaken as a response to the need for technologies enabling efficient production and distribution over the Internet of sign language content. By using an avatar-independent scripting notation for signing gestures and a client-side web browser plug-in to translate this notation into motion data for an avatar, we achieve highly efficient delivery of signing, while avoiding the inflexibility of video or motion capture. Tests with members of the deaf community have indicated that the method can provide an acceptable quality of signing.