SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Physically based motion transformation
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The development of language processing support for the ViSiCAST project
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
A Complete System for the Specification and the Generation of Sign Language Gestures
GW '99 Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Development of a Legible Deaf-Signing Virtual Human
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
Tessa, a system to aid communication with deaf people
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Sign Language Translation via DRT and HPSG
CICLing '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
GW '01 Revised Papers from the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
Implementation experience with collision avoidance in signing avatars
AFRIGRAPH '04 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
A prototype text to British Sign Language (BSL) translation system
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Providing signed content on the Internet by synthesized animation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
SignWriting on mobile phones for the deaf
Mobility '06 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile technology, applications & systems
A Virtual Reality-Based Framework for Experiments on Perception of Manual Gestures
Gesture-Based Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation
The development of a generic signing avatar
GVE '07 Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering
A motion capture system for sign language synthesis: overview and related issues
ISVC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Visual Computing
Requirements for a gesture specification language: a comparison of two representation formalisms
GW'09 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Gesture in Embodied Communication and Human-Computer Interaction
Spanish Sign Language synthesis system
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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We describe a method for automatically synthesizing deaf signing animations from a high-level description of signs in terms of the HamNoSys transcription system. Lifelike movement is achieved by combining a simple control model of hand movement with inverse kinematic calculations for placement of the arms. The realism can be further enhanced by mixing the synthesized animation with motion capture data for the spine and neck, to add natural "ambient motion".