A design space for multimodal systems: concurrent processing and data fusion
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
A framework for recognizing the simultaneous aspects of American sign language
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
The state of the art in automating usability evaluation of user interfaces
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Multimodal Video Indexing: A Review of the State-of-the-art
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Usability engineering methods for software developers
Communications of the ACM - Interaction design and children
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Providing signed content on the Internet by synthesized animation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Universal Access in the Information Society
Generating American Sign Language animation: overcoming misconceptions and technical challenges
Universal Access in the Information Society
Accessible and adaptive e-learning materials: considerations for design and development
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services
On some aspects of improving mobile applications for the elderly
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human computer interaction: coping with diversity
Sign language interpreter module: accessible video retrieval with subtitles
ICCHP'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computers helping people with special needs
E-learning accessibility for the deaf and hard of hearing - practical examples and experiences
USAB'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on HCI in work and learning, life and leisure: workgroup human-computer interaction and usability engineering
Design and development of accessible educational and teaching material for deaf students in greece
UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: applications and services for quality of life - Volume Part III
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The World Wide Web is becoming increasingly necessary for everybody regardless of age, gender, culture, health and individual disabilities. Unfortunately, there are evidently still problems for some deaf and hard of hearing people trying to use certain web pages. These people require the translation of existing written information into their first language, which can be one of many sign languages. In previous technological solutions, the video window dominates the screen, interfering with the presentation and thereby distracting the general public, who have no need of a bilingual web site. One solution to this problem is the development of transparent sign language videos which appear on the screen on request. Therefore, we have designed and developed a system to enable the embedding of selective interactive elements into the original text in appropriate locations, which act as triggers for the video translation into sign language. When the short video clip terminates, the video window is automatically closed and the original web page is shown. In this way, the system significantly simplifies the expansion and availability of additional accessibility functions to web developers, as it preserves the original web page with the addition of a web layer of sign language video. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation has demonstrated that information presented through a transparent sign language video increases the users' interest in the content of the material by interpreting terms, phrases or sentences, and therefore facilitates the understanding of the material and increases its usefulness for deaf people.