The Cricket location-support system
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WALRUS: wireless acoustic location with room-level resolution using ultrasound
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Sensing user intention and context for energy management
HOTOS'03 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 9
The user in experimental computer systems research
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BeepBeep: a high accuracy acoustic ranging system using COTS mobile devices
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Display power management policies in practice
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
Emnet: satisfying the individual user through empathic home networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Occupancy-driven energy management for smart building automation
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building
Indoor localization without infrastructure using the acoustic background spectrum
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Real-time occupancy detection using decision trees with multiple sensor types
Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design
SoundWave: using the doppler effect to sense gestures
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Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages & applications
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We describe a technique to detect the presence of computer users. This technique relies on sonar using hardware that already exists on commodity laptop computers and other electronic devices. It leverages the fact that human bodies have a different effect on sound waves than air and other objects. We conducted a user study in which 20 volunteers used a computer equipped with our ultrasonic sonar software. Our results show that it is possible to detect the presence or absence of users with near perfect accuracy after only ten seconds of measurement. We find that this technique can differentiate varied user positions and actions, opening the possibility of future use in estimating attention level.