LISPcraft
The LISP tutor: it approaches the effectiveness of a human tutor
BYTE - Lecture notes in computer science Vol. 174
Pilots of the future: human or computer?
Communications of the ACM - Special issue: computing in the frontiers of science and engineering
The Programmer's Apprentice: A Session with KBEmacs
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on artificial intelligence and software engineering
Understanding computers and cognition
Understanding computers and cognition
AI Magazine
AI Magazine
The enhancement of understanding through visual representations
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ICSE '87 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Software Engineering
Enhancing incremental learning processes with knowledge-based systems
Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems
CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PROUST: Knowledge-based program understanding
ICSE '84 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN SIGOA symposium on Text manipulation
Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas
Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas
Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence)
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Our goal is to establish the conceptual foundations for using the computational power that is or will be available on computer systems. Much of the available computing power is wasted, however, if users have difficulty understanding and using the full potential of these systems. Too much attention in the past has been given to the technology of computer systems and not enough to the effects of that technology, which has produced inadequate solutions to real-world problems, imposed unnecessary constraints on users, and failed to respond to changing needs. We have designed and implemented a critic for LISP as a prototype of an intelligent support system. Critics enhance incremental learning of a system and support learning strategies such as learning on demand. Our LISP-CRITIC has knowledge about how to improve LISP programs locally, following a style as defined by its rules. The advice given is based on the hypothesized knowledge of the user contained in the system's model of the user. Additional tools (e.g., a knowledge browser and visualization support) are available to explain and illustrate the advice. The LISP-CRITIC has been used by intermediate and expert LISP programmers and has proven to be a valuable tool for incremental learning of LISP and for improving programs.