Anatomy of an introductory computer science course
SIGCSE '86 Proceedings of the seventeenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Learning to program = learning to construct mechanisms and explanations
Communications of the ACM
Boxer: a reconstructible computational medium
Communications of the ACM
Taking “computer literacy” literally
Communications of the ACM
The effects of computer use in early childhood socialization
ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society
OOPSLA '87 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Using concept expansion and level integration in an introductory computer science course
SIGCSE '88 Proceedings of the nineteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Logo as a prelude to LISP: some surprising results
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
Programming languages for distributed computing systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Playground: an object-oriented simulation system with agent rules for children of all ages
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Using critics to empower users
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Writing instructional materials for computing service courses
SIGDOC '90 Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Systems documentation
Text in context: writing online documentation for the workplace
SIGDOC '91 Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Systems documentation
The role of critiquing in cooperative problem solving
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue on computer—human interaction
The foundations of suitability of APL2 for music
IBM Systems Journal
Cognitive Fit: An Empirical Study of Recursion and Iteration
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An intelligent discovery programming system
SAC '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied computing: technological challenges of the 1990's
Do Russian children like APL2?
APL '92 Proceedings of the international conference on APL
LITES, an intelligent tutoring system for legal problem solving in the domain of Dutch Civil law
ICAIL '93 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Gateway laboratories: integrated, interactive learning modules
SIGCSE '93 Proceedings of the twenty-fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Requirements specification: learning object, process, and data methodologies
Communications of the ACM
Preparing programming teachers
SIGCSE '94 Proceedings of the twenty-fifth SIGCSE symposium on Computer science education
Enriching communities: harbingers of news in the future
IBM Systems Journal
The computer clubhouse: preparing for life in a digital world
IBM Systems Journal
MIT media laboratory: a view after ten years
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Degrees of comprehension: children's understanding of a visual programming environment
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
KidPad: a design collaboration between children, technologists, and educators
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Alice: easy to learn interactive 3D graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
The LearningWorks development and delivery frameworks
Communications of the ACM
Alice: easy to use interactive 3D graphics
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Story-marking with improvisational puppets
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Digital manipulatives: new toys to think with
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interactive storytelling environments: coping with cardiac illness at Boston's Children's Hospital
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A study of the representation of fractal curves by L systems and their equivalences
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Alice: easy to learn interactive 3D graphics
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The baby sense environment: enriching and monitoring infants' experiences and communication
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Community Support for Constructionist Learning
Computer Supported Cooperative Work - Special issue on interaction and collaboration in MUDs
Tangible progress: less is more in Somewire audio spaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
C&C '99 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Creativity & cognition
ACM '85 Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference on The range of computing : mid-80's perspective: mid-80's perspective
Comprehending Object and Process Models: An Empirical Study
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Turtlegons: generating simple polygons for sequences of angles
SCG '85 Proceedings of the first annual symposium on Computational geometry
SIGCSE '85 Proceedings of the sixteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
A WYSIWYG literate programming system (preliminary report)
CSC '91 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer Science
curlybot: designing a new class of computational toys
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Alice: lessons learned from building a 3D system for novices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Reusable hypertext structures for distance and JIT learning
HYPERTEXT '00 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM on Hypertext and hypermedia
Making the connection: programming with animated small world
Proceedings of the 5th annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE ITiCSEconference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Apprenticeship learning of software engineering using Webworlds
Proceedings of the 5th annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE ITiCSEconference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Zyklodeon: a software construction kit modeling cyclic timing patterns
MULTIMEDIA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM workshops on Multimedia
Cognitive strategies and looping constructs: an empirical study
Communications of the ACM
A user-friendly software environment for the novice programmer
Communications of the ACM
The novice user enters the discourse community: implications for technical writers
SIGDOC '88 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Systems documentation
Java meets teletubbies: an interaction between program codes and physical props
ACSE '00 Proceedings of the Australasian conference on Computing education
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using visualization to teach novices recursion
Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Cognitive Factors in Programming with Diagrams
Artificial Intelligence Review
Virtual kids of the 21st century: understanding the
Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual
Developmentally appropriate LOGO computer programming with young children
Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual
It is developmentally inappropriate to have children work alone at the computer?
Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual
Navigational blocks: navigating information space with tangible media
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Physical programming: designing tools for children to create physical interactive environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tangible programming elements for young children
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Para-functional programming: a paradigm for programming multiprocessor systems
POPL '86 Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
Pool halls, chips, and war games: women in the culture of computing
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin - Women and Computing
Formative evaluation scheme for a web-based course design
Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Teaching introductory Java through LEGO MINDSTORMS models
SIGCSE '02 Proceedings of the 33rd SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Uncovering principles of novice programming
POPL '83 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
Afterword: from this revolution to the next
Smart machines in education
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin - a supplement to interactions
Wanted: a wider scope for interaction design in Sweden
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Developing an Infrastructure to Support Communities of Learning
BT Technology Journal
When are Personal Technologies for Children?
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Mini-languages: a way to learn programming principles
Education and Information Technologies
Education and Information Technologies
Research Agendas and Computer Technology Visions: The Need for Closely Watched Classrooms
Education and Information Technologies
Education and Information Technologies
Education and Information Technologies
Pedagogy before Technology: Re-thinking the Relationship between ICT and Teaching
Education and Information Technologies
Student Task Modeling in Design and Evaluation of Open Problem-Solving Environments
Education and Information Technologies
Education and Information Technologies
Education and Information Technologies
Robots for the rest of us or the ’best‘ of us?
Ethics and Information Technology
MaDViWorld: a software framework for massively distributed virtual worlds
Software—Practice & Experience
Development of the IBM 1500 Computer-Assisted Instructional System
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Kits for learning and a kit for kitmaking
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
On foot in SIM CITY: using SIM COPTER as the basis for an ESL writing assignment
Simulation and Gaming
StoryKit: tools for children to build room-sized interactive experiences
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
AquaMOOSE 3D: math learning in a 3D multi-user virtual world
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The lifelong learning game: season ticket or free transfer?
Computers & Education
Learning Concurrent Programming: A Constructionist Approach
PaCT '999 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Parallel Computing Technologies
Cognitive Zoom: From Object to Path and Back Again
Spatial Cognition II, Integrating Abstract Theories, Empirical Studies, Formal Methods, and Practical Applications
Spatial Communication with Maps: Defining the Correctness of Maps Using a Multi-Agent Simulation
Spatial Cognition II, Integrating Abstract Theories, Empirical Studies, Formal Methods, and Practical Applications
CT '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind
Structure and Constraints in Interactive Exploratory Algorithm Learning
Revised Lectures on Software Visualization, International Seminar
A physical interface for system dynamics simulation
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multimedia user interface design
The human-computer interaction handbook
Human-computer interaction for kids
The human-computer interaction handbook
Teaching programming using scripting languages
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
Design of a 3D interactive math learning environment
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Exploring the role of visualization and engagement in computer science education
Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education
A road map for teaching introductory programming using LEGO© mindstorms robots
Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Programming without a Computer: A New Interface for Children under Eight
AUIC '00 Proceedings of the First Australasian User Interface Conference
Personal computer networks and graphical animation: Rationale and practice for education
SIGCSE '83 Proceedings of the fourteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Josef, programming for everybody
SIGCSE '82 Proceedings of the thirteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Information and communication technology and school leaders
CRPIT '02 Proceedings of the Seventh world conference on computers in education conference on Computers in education: Australian topics - Volume 8
Integration of ICT in an initial teacher training course: participants' views
CRPIT '02 Proceedings of the Seventh world conference on computers in education conference on Computers in education: Australian topics - Volume 8
Computationally-rich constructionism and at-risk learners
CRPIT '02 Proceedings of the Seventh world conference on computers in education conference on Computers in education: Australian topics - Volume 8
Formal and informal environments for the learning and teaching of computer programming
CRPIT '03 Proceedings of the 3.1 and 3.3 working groups conference on International federation for information processing: ICT and the teacher of the future - Volume 23
The feeling of wonderful ideas: implications for the future of teaching and learning
CRPIT '03 Proceedings of the 3.1 and 3.3 working groups conference on International federation for information processing: ICT and the teacher of the future - Volume 23
First results with eBlocks: embedded systems building blocks
Proceedings of the 1st IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Augmented reality: linking real and virtual worlds: a new paradigm for interacting with computers
AVI '98 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Educating via entertainment media: the Sesame Workshop approach
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Exemplary computer use in education
ACM SIGCUE Outlook
A noughts and crosses Java applet to teach programming to primary school children
PPPJ '03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java
Analysis of learner performance on a tutoring system for Java
Current issues in IT education
A media computation course for non-majors
Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Teaching programming to liberal arts students: a narrative media approach
Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Digital storytelling for reflective practice in communities of learners
ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin
PARLING: e-literature for supporting children learning english as a second language
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Teaching computer graphics constructively
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Educators Program
A concepts-first introduction to computer science
Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Technology and its impact in the classroom
Computers & Education
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Tools for children to create physical interactive storyrooms
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
From snark to park: lessons learnt moving pervasive experiences from indoors to outdoors
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Education and Information Technologies
Learning and reuse in visual programming environments: simulation builder for teachers
OOPSLA '02 Companion of the 17th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Topobo: a constructive assembly system with kinetic memory
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VRMath: knowledge construction of 3D geometry in virtual reality microworlds
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A tangible architecture for creating modular, subsumption-based robot control systems
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Computer education, past, present, and future
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
Student Strategies for Learning Computer Programming: Implications for Pedagogy in Informatics
Education and Information Technologies
Using Robotics to Motivate ‘Back Door’ Learning
Education and Information Technologies
Computers & Education
eL-CID: communicating iterative program design
Proceedings of the 9th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Emergent design and learning environments: building on indigenous konwledge
IBM Systems Journal
Facilitating collaboration through design games
PDC 04 Proceedings of the eighth conference on Participatory design: Artful integration: interweaving media, materials and practices - Volume 1
Designing software for young children: theoretically grounded guidelines
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Interaction design and children: building a community
Computer games authored by children: a multi-perspective evaluation
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Interaction design and children: building a community
Towards the Application of Argumentation-Based Dialogues for Education
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
Education and Information Technologies
From turtles to Tangible Programming Bricks: explorations in physical language design
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Shared extensible learning spaces
CITC5 '04 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Information technology education
Models of Growth — Towards Fundamental Change in Learning Environments
BT Technology Journal
New Styles of Thinking for the Era of Organic Networks
BT Technology Journal
BT Technology Journal
Affective Learning — A Manifesto
BT Technology Journal
Perceptions of the value of microworld simulation: research note
Simulation and Gaming - Symposium: Simulating risk and crisis
Microcomputers in education: cognitive and social design principles
ACM SIGCUE Outlook
Just so stories: how the program got that bug
ACM SIGCUE Outlook
Difficulties in realizing large-scale educational computing projects
ACM SIGCUE Outlook
SPIMbot: an engaging, problem-based approach to teaching assembly language programming
Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Re-presenting collective learning: a generative way forward
ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin - Special issue on community-based learning: explorations into theoretical groundings, empirical findings and computer support
Pedagogical praxis: using technology to build professional communities of practice
ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin - Special issue on community-based learning: explorations into theoretical groundings, empirical findings and computer support
Extending tangible interfaces for education: digital montessori-inspired manipulatives
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 5th conference on Creativity & cognition
The missing link: integrating paper and electronic documents
IHM 2003 Proceedings of the 15th French-speaking conference on human-computer interaction on 15eme Conference Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine
Memetic approach to the dissemination of e-learning objects
WISICT '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information and communication technologies
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Hyperscore: A Case Study in Computer Mediated Music Composition
Education and Information Technologies
The Computer as Scaffold, Tool and Data Collector: Children Composing with Computers
Education and Information Technologies
Virtual collaborative learning environments for music: networked drumsteps
Computers & Education
The Beatbug network: a rhythmic system for interdependent group collaboration
NIME '02 Proceedings of the 2002 conference on New interfaces for musical expression
"The Machine Stops": One School's Rejection of Integrated Learning Systems
Education and Information Technologies
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Software engineering as a model of understanding for learning and problem solving
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Computing education research
Evaluating assessments of novice programming environments
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Computing education research
An ambient intelligence platform for physical play
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Model representation with aesthetic computing: Method and empirical study
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Child's play: a comparison of desktop and physical interactive environments
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Interaction design and children
Tangicam: exploring observation tools for children
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Interaction design and children
Some reflections on designing construction kits for kids
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Interaction design and children
A Model of How Children Acquire Computing Skills from Hole-in-the-Wall Computers in Public Places
Information Technologies and International Development
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Song debugging: merging content and pedagogy in computer science education
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
A prototype design tool for participants in graphical multiuser environments
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 37th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Beyond record and play: backpacks: tangible modulators for kinetic behavior
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Embedded phenomena: supporting science learning with classroom-sized distributed simulations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Invited research overview: end-user programming
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Collaborative multimedia learning environments
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating the LEGO--RoboLab interface with experts
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
A technological platform for trans-media scientific exploration
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Interaction design and children
A case study of tangible flags: a collaborative technology to enhance field trips
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Interaction design and children
Web animation to communicate iterative development
Proceedings of the 11th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Developing creativity, motivation, and self-actualization with learning systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Computer support for creativity
Learning by building digital libraries
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Designing exploratory design games: a framework for participation in Participatory Design?
Proceedings of the ninth conference on Participatory design: Expanding boundaries in design - Volume 1
ICLS '04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences
GoGo board: augmenting programmable bricks for economically challenged audiences
ICLS '04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences
Towards systemic professional development: teachers as e-designers
ICLS '04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences
Berta's tower: understanding physics through virtual engineering
ICLS '04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences
Why all CSL is CL: distributed mind and the future of computer supported collaborative learning
CSCL '05 Proceedings of th 2005 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning: learning 2005: the next 10 years!
Information technology contests: introduction to computer science in an attractive way
Informatics in education
Classroom goal structures for educational math game application
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
Berta's tower: developing conceptual physics understanding one exploratoid at a time
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
Active citizenship through technology: collaboration, connection, and civic participation
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
What's a situation in situated cognition?: a constructionist critique of authentic inquiry
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
Innovative session: early childhood robotics for learning
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
Rural connected communities: a project in online collaborative journalism
CSCL '99 Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning
Learning through participatory simulations: network-based design for systems learning in classrooms
CSCL '99 Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning
Patternprogrammer: yet another rule-based programming environment for children
AUIC '06 Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50
Genderflexing: a theory of gender and socio-scientific learning
ICLS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences
Bootstrapping a community of practice: learning science by doing projects in a high school classroom
ICLS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences
SAGE storytellers: learning about identity, language and technology
ICLS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences
Pervasive learning games: explorations of hybrid educational gamescapes
Simulation and Gaming - Symposium: Video games: Issues in research and learning, part 2
3DCG authoring system using turtle metaphor
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
NeGAS: logo based authoring environment for 3D computer animation
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Kinesthetic media: touch, toys & interactive materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Educators program
Playing for keeps: gaming as a language learning tool
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Educators program
Excuse me, I need better AI!: employing collaborative diffusion to make game AI child's play
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Videogames
Virtual worlds, cognitive maps
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Educators program
Live graphics gems as a way to raise repositories for computer graphics education
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Educators program
The reification of metaphor as a design tool
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Cognitive fit in requirements modeling: a study of object and process methodologies
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special section: Strategic and competitive information systems
Interacting with Computers
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Do tangible interfaces enhance learning?
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Proceedings of the 38th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Uses of accelerometer data collected from a wearable system
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Visual programming with analogical representations: Inspirations from a semiotic analysis of comics
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
A Framework For An Automated Problem Solving And Program Development Environment
Journal of Integrated Design & Process Science
Storytelling alice motivates middle school girls to learn computer programming
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications
Hi tech - lo tech: K-12 science visualization
ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications
Learning and Building Together in an Immersive Virtual World
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Using LabVIEW for applying mathematical models in representing phenomena
Computers & Education
Environments for creativity: a lab for making things
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
Modular robotics as tools for design
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
Simplified motion language for 3D computer animation with turtle metaphor
Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Effects of ICT: Do we know what we should know?
Education and Information Technologies
Learning by game-building: a novel approach to theoretical computer science education
Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
A virtual logo keyboard for people with motor disabilities
Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Computers in talk-based mental health interventions
Interacting with Computers
How computers really work: a children's guide
WCAE '02 Proceedings of the 2002 workshop on Computer architecture education: Held in conjunction with the 29th International Symposium on Computer Architecture
SPIMbot: an engaging, problem-based approach to teaching assembly language programming
WCAE '05 Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Computer architecture education: held in conjunction with the 32nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Microworld gaming of a local agricultural production chain in Poland
Simulation and Gaming - Symposium: Natural resource management, part 1
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 educators program
Does lego training stimulate pupils' ability to solve logical problems?
Computers & Education
Proceedings of the third international workshop on Computing education research
Learning programming with erlang
ERLANG '07 Proceedings of the 2007 SIGPLAN workshop on ERLANG Workshop
Constructing text:: Wiki as a toolkit for (collaborative?) learning
Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Wikis
Mediated education in a creative arts context: research and practice at Whittier Elementary School
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children
Remix and Robo: sampling, sequencing and real-time control of a tangible robotic construction system
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children
Mobile collaboration for young children
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children
Scaffolding cooperative multi-device activities in an informal learning environment
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children
Continuing professional development by practitioner integrated learning
Companion to the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems and applications companion
Alan Kay: Transforming the Computer into a Communication Medium
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Children as Unwitting End-User Programmers
VLHCC '07 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
An objective comparison of languages for teaching introductory programming
Proceedings of the 6th Baltic Sea conference on Computing education research: Koli Calling 2006
An environment to improve programming education
CompSysTech '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computer systems and technologies
Computers & Education
Learning and teaching about scientific models with a computer-modeling tool
Computers in Human Behavior
Posey: instrumenting a poseable hub and strut construction toy
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
A representation approach to conceptualizing tangible learning environments
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Patterns for programming in parallel, pedagogically
Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
LIFELONG INTERACTIONS: Designing online interactions: what kids want and what designers know
interactions - Optimistic futurism
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Topobo in the wild: longitudinal evaluations of educators appropriating a tangible interface
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The genesis of a virtual world revisited
International Journal of Web Based Communities
Developing learning profiles for web-based communities: towards an interactions-oriented model
International Journal of Web Based Communities
Why web 2.0 is good for learning and for research: principles and prototypes
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
Half-baked logo microworlds as boundary objects in integrated design
Informatics in education
Student-centered support systems to sustain logo-like learning
Informatics in education
Towards the construction of a language for describing the learning potential of computing activities
Informatics in education
An embodied interface for teaching computational thinking
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Mental models, consistency and programming aptitude
ACE '08 Proceedings of the tenth conference on Australasian computing education - Volume 78
Evaluating Children's Interactive Products: Principles and Practices for Interaction Designers
Evaluating Children's Interactive Products: Principles and Practices for Interaction Designers
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Integrating video games and robotic play in physical environments
Sandbox '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
A collaborative and experiential learning model powered by real-world projects
SIGITE '08 Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGITE conference on Information technology education
From RoboLab to Aibo: A Behavior-Based Interface for Educational Robotics
RoboCup 2006: Robot Soccer World Cup X
Visualization of Program Behaviors: Physical Robots Versus Robot Simulators
ISSEP '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools - Evolution and Perspectives: Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking
What's My Challenge? The Forgotten Part of Problem Solving in Computer Science Education
ISSEP '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools - Evolution and Perspectives: Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking
Creating and Testing Textbooks for Secondary Schools
ISSEP '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools - Evolution and Perspectives: Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking
EC-TEL '08 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Times of Convergence: Technologies Across Learning Contexts
Issues in the Design of an Environment to Support the Learning of Mathematical Generalisation
EC-TEL '08 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Times of Convergence: Technologies Across Learning Contexts
Programming Robots in Primary Schools Deserves a Renewed Attention
WSKS '08 Proceedings of the 1st world summit on The Knowledge Society: Emerging Technologies and Information Systems for the Knowledge Society
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PUN GENERATOR FOR LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Applied Artificial Intelligence
An autonomous educational mobile robot mediator
Autonomous Robots
Interaction Design and Children
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
A keystroke analysis of learning and transfer in text editing
Human-Computer Interaction
Effective feedback content for tutoring complex skills
Human-Computer Interaction
Articulating the task at hand and making information relevant to it
Human-Computer Interaction
A modelling tool to support children making their ideas work
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
Embodying scientific concepts in the physical space of the classroom
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
How children's individual needs challenge the design of educational robotics
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
Escape machine: teaching computational thinking with a tangible state machine game
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
Human-Computer Interaction
3D Immersion in Virtual Agents Education
ICIDS '08 Proceedings of the 1st Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling: Interactive Storytelling
The development of evaluation indicators for lego multimedia instructional material
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Designing technology for emergent literacy: The PictoPal initiative
Computers & Education
QuickDraw: bringing graphics into first year
Proceedings of the 40th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education
Introducing computer programming via gameboy advance homebrew
Proceedings of the 40th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education
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Hi-index | 0.11 |
The Gears of My Childhood Before I was two years old I had developed an intense involvement with automobiles. The names of car parts made up a very substantial portion of my vocabulary: I was particularly proud of knowing about the parts of the transmission system, the gearbox, and most especially the differential. It was, of course, many years later before I understood how gears work; but once I did, playing with gears became a favorite pastime. I loved rotating circular objects against one another in gearlike motions and, naturally, my first "erector set" project was a crude gear system. I became adept at turning wheels in my head and at making chains of cause and effect: "This one turns this way so that must turn that way so . . . " I found particular pleasure in such systems as the differential gear, which does not follow a simple linear chain of causality since the motion in the transmission shaft can be distributed in many different ways to the two wheels depending on what resistance they encounter. I remember quite vividly my excitement at discovering that a system could be lawful and completely comprehensible without being rigidly deterministic. I believe that working with differentials did more for my mathematical development than anything I was taught in elementary school. Gears, serving as models, carried many otherwise abstract ideas into my head. I clearly remember two examples from school math. I saw multiplication tables as gears, and my first brush with equations in two variables (e.g., 3x + 4y = 10) immediately evoked the differential. By the time I had made a mental gear model of the relation between x and y, figuring how many teeth each gear needed, the equation had become a comfortable friend. Many years later when I read Piaget this incident served me as a model for his notion of assimilation, except I was immediately struck by the fact that his discussion does not do full justice to his own idea. He talks almost entirely about cognitive aspects of assimilation. But there is also an affective component. Assimilating equations to gears certainly is a powerful way to bring old knowledge to bear on a new object. But it does more as well. I am sure that such assimilations helped to endow mathematics, for me, with a positive affective tone that can be traced back to my infantile experiences with cars. I believe Piaget really agrees. As I came to know him personally I understood that his neglect of the affective comes more from a modest sense that little is known about it than from an arrogant sense of its irrelevance. But let me return to my childhood. One day I was surprised to discover that some adults---even most adults---did not understand or even care about the magic of the gears. I no longer think much about gears, but I have never turned away from the questions that started with that discovery: How could what was so simple for me be incomprehensible to other people? My proud father suggested "being clever" as an explanation. But I was painfully aware that some people who could not understand the differential could easily do things I found much more difficult. Slowly I began to formulate what I still consider the fundamental fact about learning: Anything is easy if you can assimilate it to your collection of models. If you can't, anything can be painfully difficult. Here too I was developing a way of thinking that would be resonant with Piaget's. The understanding of learning must be genetic. It must refer to the genesis of knowledge. What an individual can learn, and how he learns it, depends on what models he has available. This raises, recursively, the question of how he learned these models. Thus the "laws of learning" must be about how intellectual structures grow out of one another and about how, in the process, they acquire both logical and emotional form. This book is an exercise in an applied genetic epistemology expanded beyond Piaget's cognitive emphasis to include a concern with the affective. It develops a new perspective for education research focused on creating the conditions under which intellectual models will take root. For the last two decades this is what I have been trying to do. And in doing so I find myself frequently reminded of several aspects of my encounter with the differential gear. First, I remember that no one told me to learn about differential gears. Second, I remember that there was feeling, love, as well as understanding in my relationship with gears. Third, I remember that my first encounter with them was in my second year. If any "scientific" educational psychologist had tried to "measure" the effects of this encounter, he would probably have failed. It had profound consequences but, I conjecture, only very many years later. A "pre- and post-" test at age two would have missed them. Piaget's work gave me a new framework for looking at the gears of my childhood. The gear can be used to illustrate many powerful "advanced" mathematical ideas, such as groups or relative motion. But it does more than this. As well as connecting with the formal knowledge of mathematics, it also connects with the "body knowledge," the sensorimotor schemata of a child. You can be the gear, you can understand how it turns by projecting yourself into its place and turning with it. It is this double relationship---both abstract and sensory---that gives the gear the power to carry powerful mathematics into the mind. In a terminology I shall develop in later chapters, the gear acts here as a transitional object. A modern-day Montessori might propose, if convinced by my story, to create a gear set for children. Thus every child might have the experience I had. But to hope for this would be to miss the essence of the story. I fell in love with the gears. This is something that cannot be reduced to purely "cognitive" terms. Something very personal happened, and one cannot assume that it would be repeated for other children in exactly the same form. My thesis could be summarized as: What the gears cannot do the computer might. The computer is the Proteus of machines. Its essence is its universality, its power to simulate. Because it can take on a thousand forms and can serve a thousand functions, it can appeal to a thousand tastes. This book is the result of my own attempts over the past decade to turn computers into instruments flexible enough so that many children can each create for themselves something like what the gears were for me.