Cyberspace: first steps
City of bits: space, place, and the infobahn
City of bits: space, place, and the infobahn
Navigating large virtual spaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on human-virtual environment interaction
The virtual academy: a simulated environment for constructionist learning
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on human-virtual environment interaction
Wayfinding in large-scale virtual worlds
Wayfinding in large-scale virtual worlds
Walkthrough—a dynamic graphics system for simulating virtual buildings
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Building Multiuser Interactive Multimedia Environments at MERL
IEEE MultiMedia
Legibility Enhancement for Information Visualisation
VIS '95 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Visualization '95
Moose crossing: construction, community, and learning in a networked virtual world for kids
Moose crossing: construction, community, and learning in a networked virtual world for kids
Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas
Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas
A prototype design tool for participants in graphical multiuser environments
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
C&C '99 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Creativity & cognition
Cognitive Zoom: From Object to Path and Back Again
Spatial Cognition II, Integrating Abstract Theories, Empirical Studies, Formal Methods, and Practical Applications
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We describe a tool enabling nonprofessionals to create digital layouts for large-scale graphical virtual environments. The design tool is based on “elements of the city image” as described by the urban planner, Kevin Lynch (1960). These elements serve as both organizational principle and navigational aid. Further work is needed to situate the tool within a virtual environment so that output from the tool is transformed as extensions to the virtual world. Here we describe the theoretical basis for the tool, implementation of an initial prototype that illustrates a virtual world through a series of composited frames, and next-step revisions stemming from users' experiences with the prototype.