Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation
Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation
New graphical reasoning models for understanding graphical interfaces
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Watch what I do: programming by demonstration
Watch what I do: programming by demonstration
Agentsheets: a tool for building domain-oriented dynamic, visual environments
Agentsheets: a tool for building domain-oriented dynamic, visual environments
Why looking isn't always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming
Communications of the ACM
Visual object-oriented programming
Degrees of comprehension: children's understanding of a visual programming environment
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
A study of end-user programming for geographic information systems
ESP '97 Papers presented at the seventh workshop on Empirical studies of programmers
Programming by example: novice programming comes of age
Communications of the ACM
Programming by example: programming by analogous examples
Communications of the ACM
Programming by example: generalizing by removing detail
Communications of the ACM
Visual Programming Environments: Paradigms and Systems
Visual Programming Environments: Paradigms and Systems
Composing Complex Behavior from Simple Visual Descriptions
VL '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
Designing Mixed Textual and Iconic Programming Languages for Novice Users
VL '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
Graphical Rewrite Rule Analogies: Avoiding the Inherit or Copy & Paste Reuse Dilemma
VL '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
A programming system for children that is designed for usability
A programming system for children that is designed for usability
Agent-based end-user development
Communications of the ACM - End-user development: tools that empower users to create their own software solutions
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas
Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas
Rethinking children's programming with contextual signs
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Interaction design and children
Fuzzy rewriting - soft program semantics for children
HCC '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Human Centric Computing Languages and Environments
Cognitive aspects of programming in pictures
IEA/AIE'11 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Industrial engineering and other applications of applied intelligent systems conference on Modern approaches in applied intelligence - Volume Part II
Intelligent aspects of AIDA programming
IEA/AIE'12 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: advanced research in applied artificial intelligence
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Analogical representations based on pictures of domain objects can be used in visual programming to provide a close mapping between the program and the resulting runtime display, which can make programming easier for children and other users. The use of graphical rewrite rules with before and after pictures is an example of this approach. Graphical rewrite rules have some similarities with comics strips, which also use picture sequences of graphical objects to describe dynamics in a static form. However, the visual language of comics is not used to its full potential in visual programming. We discuss how a semiotic analysis of comics can be used to address some of the limitations of graphical rewrite rules. We use a visual programming system we have designed to illustrate that comic strips can express more general computations and be more intuitive and flexible than traditional graphical rewrites. Our conclusion is that the visual language of comics has a strong potential for increasing the expressiveness and flexibility of visual programming with analogical representations of domain objects, while maintaining a direct mapping between the program representation and the runtime representation.