A statistical admission control algorithm for multimedia servers
MULTIMEDIA '94 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Multimedia
Experimental evaluation of loss perception in continuous media
Multimedia Systems
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Frame-based dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for a MPEG decoder
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Dynamic and Aggressive Scheduling Techniques for Power-Aware Real-Time Systems
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Dynamic voltage scaling for real-time multi-task scheduling using buffers
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Formal online methods for voltage/frequency control in multiple clock domain microprocessors
ASPLOS XI Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Practical voltage scaling for mobile multimedia devices
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Vertigo: automatic performance-setting for Linux
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Using offline bitstream analysis for power-aware video decoding in portable devices
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
GRACE-1: Cross-Layer Adaptation for Multimedia Quality and Battery Energy
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy-efficient CPU scheduling for multimedia applications
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Energy adaptation for multimedia information kiosks
EMSOFT '06 Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International conference on Embedded software
Scheduling for reduced CPU energy
OSDI '94 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
TSB: A DVS algorithm with quick response for general purpose operating systems
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Chameleon: Application-Level Power Management
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A Hybrid DVS Scheme for Interactive 3D Games
RTAS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
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An effective way for reducing CPU power consumption is to reduce its operating frequency. But this slows down program execution, which may violate the real-time requirements of video playback. What is worse, it is difficult to predict future decoding times, and unduly conservative policies may miss viable opportunities to reduce the CPU frequency. The effectiveness of such power-saving techniques is thus dependent on an ability to estimate future demands on the CPU. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) scheme for portable media players. We measured decoding times on real videos and extracted a precise relationship between frame size and decoding time using logarithmic regression. Based on this model, we propose a frequency selection algorithm which accepts some deadline misses, and selects the frequencies required to achieve a specified deadline miss ratio. We implemented this scheme in MPlayer running on the Linux 2.6. Experimental results show that its system-wide energy consumption is up to 17% less than conventional DVS schemes and up to 24% less than non-DVS schemes.