A hierarchial CPU scheduler for multimedia operating systems
OSDI '96 Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A survey of design techniques for system-level dynamic power management
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special section on low-power electronics and design
Voltage scheduling in the IpARM microprocessor system
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Improving dynamic voltage scaling algorithms with PACE
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Dynamic voltage scaling and power management for portable systems
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Hard real-time scheduling for low-energy using stochastic data and DVS processors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Critical power slope: understanding the runtime effects of frequency scaling
ICS '02 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Supercomputing
Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronization
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Dynamic Voltage Scheduling Using Adaptive Filtering of Workload Traces
VLSID '01 Proceedings of the The 14th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID '01)
Dynamic and Aggressive Scheduling Techniques for Power-Aware Real-Time Systems
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduling for mobile multimedia systems
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Integrated power management for video streaming to mobile handheld devices
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
A time series-based approach for power management in mobile processors and disks
NOSSDAV '04 Proceedings of the 14th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Vertigo: automatic performance-setting for Linux
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Policies for dynamic clock scheduling
OSDI'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation - Volume 4
Using offline bitstream analysis for power-aware video decoding in portable devices
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Chameleon: application level power management with performance isolation
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Energy-efficient CPU scheduling for multimedia applications
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
A Novel Penalty Controllable Dynamic Voltage Scaling Scheme for Mobile Multimedia Applications
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
MobiUS: enable together-viewing video experience across two mobile devices
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Probabilistic design of multimedia embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Middleware for efficient power management in mobile devices
Mobility '06 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile technology, applications & systems
Asynchronous control of modules activity in integrated systems for reducing peak temperatures
Integration, the VLSI Journal
Control theory-based DVS for interactive 3D games
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
Mitigating the impact of hardware defects on multimedia applications: a cross-layer approach
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Adaptive CPU Scheduling to Conserve Energy in Real-Time Mobile Graphics Applications
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing
Game action based power management for multiplayer online game
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Networking, systems, and applications for mobile handhelds
Aggressive dynamic voltage scaling for energy-aware video playback based on decoding time estimation
EMSOFT '09 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Embedded software
Achieving viewing time scalability in mobile video streaming using scalable video coding
MMSys '10 Proceedings of the first annual ACM SIGMM conference on Multimedia systems
Software designs of image processing tasks with incremental refinement of computation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Scheduling and energy-distortion tradeoffs with operational refinement of image processing
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
ARIVU: power-aware middleware for multiplayer mobile games
Proceedings of the 9th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games
Power management strategies in data transmission
Proceedings of the 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
System level power allocation algorithm for mobile devices for full playback guarantee
IMMPD '11 Proceedings of the 2011 international ACM workshop on Interactive multimedia on mobile and portable devices
Exploiting video stream similarity for energy-efficient decoding
MMM'07 Proceedings of the 13th International conference on Multimedia Modeling - Volume Part II
Optimal power reduction based on DVFS algorithm for video decoders
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Research in Applied Computation
Exploiting media stream similarity for energy-efficient decoding and resource prediction
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
On Balancing Energy Consumption, Rendering Speed, and Image Quality on Mobile Devices
International Journal of Handheld Computing Research
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This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a practical voltage scaling (PDVS) algorithm for mobile devices primarily running multimedia applications. PDVS seeks to minimize the total energy of the whole device while meeting multimedia timing requirements. To do this, PDVS extends traditional real-time scheduling by deciding what execution speed in addition to when to execute what applications. PDVS makes these decisions based on the discrete speed levels of the CPU, the total power of the device at different speeds, and the probability distribution of CPU demand of multimedia applications. We have implemented PDVS in the Linux kernel and evaluated it on an HP laptop. Our experimental results show that PDVS saves energy substantially without affecting multimedia performance. It saves energy by 14.4% to 37.2% compared to scheduling algorithms without voltage scaling and by up to 10.4% compared to previous voltage scaling algorithms that assume an ideal CPU with continuous speeds and cubic power-speed relationship.