C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
Automatic labeling of semantic roles
Computational Linguistics
Class-Based Construction of a Verb Lexicon
Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Twelfth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Discovery of inference rules for question-answering
Natural Language Engineering
The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles
Computational Linguistics
Deterministic dependency parsing of English text
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Unsupervised construction of large paraphrase corpora: exploiting massively parallel news sources
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Extracting a representation from text for semantic analysis
HLT-Short '08 Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technologies: Short Papers
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Five Years of Evaluations
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Labeled pseudo-projective dependency parsing with support vector machines
CoNLL-X '06 Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
Automatic short answer marking
EdAppsNLP 05 Proceedings of the second workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP
Definition and analysis of intermediate entailment levels
EMSEE '05 Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment
Modeling students' metacognitive errors in two intelligent tutoring systems
UM'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on User Modeling
Dealing with interpretation errors in tutorial dialogue
SIGDIAL '09 Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
ETS: discriminative edit models for paraphrase scoring
SemEval '12 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics - Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation
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We present a domain-independent technique for assessing learners' constructed responses. The system exceeds the accuracy of the majority class baseline by 15.4% and a lexical baseline by 5.9%. The emphasis of this paper is to provide an error analysis of performance, describing the types of errors committed, their frequency, and some issues in their resolution.