Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction

Authors:
Vasiliy Sachnev;Hyoung Joong Kim;Jeho Nam;Sundaram Suresh;Yun Qing Shi
Affiliations:
Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, Korea;Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, Korea;Radio and Broadcasting Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, Korea;Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, Korea;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
Venue:
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Year:
2009

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Abstract

This paper presents a reversible or lossless watermarking algorithm for images without using a location map in most cases. This algorithm employs prediction errors to embed data into an image. A sorting technique is used to record the prediction errors based on magnitude of its local variance. Using sorted prediction errors and, if needed, though rarely, a reduced size location map allows us to embed more data into the image with less distortion. The performance of the proposed reversible watermarking scheme is evaluated using different images and compared with four methods: those of Kamstra and Heijmans, Thodi and Rodriguez, and Lee et al. The results clearly indicate that the proposed scheme can embed more data with less distortion.