Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Reversible Data Hiding for Audio Based on Prediction Error Expansion
IIH-MSP '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing
Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
The LOCO-I lossless image compression algorithm: principles and standardization into JPEG-LS
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Reversible data embedding into images using wavelet techniques and sorting
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Expansion Embedding Techniques for Reversible Watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Improved Embedding for Prediction-Based Reversible Watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Part 2
Reversible watermarking for audio authentication based on integer DCT and expansion embedding
IWDW'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Digital Forensics and Watermaking
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This paper aims at reducing the embedding distortion by improving predictor's performance for prediction-error expansion (PE) based reversible watermarking. In the existing PE embedding methods, the predicted values or their variety should be rounded to integer values. This will restrict predictor's performance since the prediction context is only with past pixels (image) or samples (audio). In this paper, we propose a non-integer PE (NIPE) embedding approach, which can proceed non-integer prediction errors for data embedding by only expanding integer element of a prediction error while keeping its fractional element unchanged. More importantly, the NIPE scheme allows the predictor to estimate the current pixel/sample not restricted only past pixels/samples. We also propose a novel noncausal prediction strategy by combining past and future pixels/samples as the context. Experimental results for some standard test clips show that the non-integer output of predictor provides higher prediction performance, and the proposed NIPE scheme with the new predicting strategy can reduce the embedding distortion for the same payload.