A routing protocol for packet radio networks
MobiCom '95 Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GloMoSim: a library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks
PADS '98 Proceedings of the twelfth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM)
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Ad Hoc mobility management with uniform quorum systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Mobility management for hierarchical wireless networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks
Wireless Networks
Scalable routing protocol for ad hoc networks
Wireless Networks
LANMAR: landmark routing for large scale wireless ad hoc networks with group mobility
MobiHoc '00 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
A Scalable Location Management Scheme in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
LCN '01 Proceedings of the 26th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
Multi-level hierarchies for scalable ad hoc routing
Wireless Networks
Perspective/navigation-The Global Positioning System
IEEE Spectrum
Position-based routing in ad hoc networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
Scalable routing strategies for ad hoc wireless networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing
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In networks where nodes are aware of their locations via the use of a GPS receiver or other localization techniques, geographic routing has been suggested to be the candidate of choice for robust and resource efficient routing. However, efficient location management algorithms are required for the source node to obtain the destination node's location before it can start data transfer using geographic routing. To be deemed scalable with respect to network size, mobility and traffic, the signaling overhead due to location management must be kept low so that the performance of geographic routing is minimally affected. This paper describes the performance of a novel multi-level hierarchical grid location management protocol that we call HGRID, for large scale ad hoc networks. We show that the average per node signaling cost in HGRID grows only logarithmically in the total number of nodes in a uniformly randomly distributed network-a substantial improvement over the signaling cost incurred by current location management schemes. We also carry out extensive simulations to quantitatively compare the performance of the protocol against other well known location management protocols, and to study how location management can affect the scalability of geographic routing. Results show that our protocol outperforms others in terms of network throughput and end-to-end packet delay with increasing network size or average node speed. Thus hierarchical grid location management scales well for large scale mobile ad hoc networks.