The landmark hierarchy: a new hierarchy for routing in very large networks
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
The art of computer programming, volume 1 (3rd ed.): fundamental algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 1 (3rd ed.): fundamental algorithms
An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: routing in mobile communications networks
Multicluster, mobile, multimedia radio network
Wireless Networks
Hierarchically-organized, multihop mobile wireless networks for quality-of-service support
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: mobile multimedia communications
Location-aided routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Ad hoc networking
The Ad Hoc on-demand distance-vector protocol
Ad hoc networking
Scenario-based stability anlysis of the distributed mobility-adaptive clustering (DMAC) algorithm
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Role-based multicast in highly mobile but sparsely connected ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '00 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Performance '84 Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Computer Performance Modelling, Measurement and Evaluation
A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Source-Tree Routing in Wireless Networks
ICNP '99 Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Network Protocols
Distributed Clustering for Ad Hoc Networks
ISPAN '99 Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks
Adaptive clustering for mobile wireless networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Wireless mesh networks: a survey
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
Authentication based on multilayer clustering in ad hoc networks
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A Self-Reorganizing Slot Allocation protocol for multi-cluster sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
A resource-efficient and scalable wireless mesh routing protocol
Ad Hoc Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
On the design of secure protocols for hierarchical sensor networks
International Journal of Security and Networks
A weight-based clustering multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks
International Journal of Internet Protocol Technology
Adaptive router promotion and group forming in ad-hoc networks
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
Wireless mesh networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A scalable routing scheme with group motion support in large and dense wireless ad hoc networks
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Conjecture-based channel selection game for delay-sensitive users in multi-channel wireless networks
GameNets'09 Proceedings of the First ICST international conference on Game Theory for Networks
Distance-Sensitive information brokerage in sensor networks
DCOSS'06 Proceedings of the Second IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
Threshold authenticated key configuration scheme based on multi-layer clustering in mobile ad hoc
APWeb'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advanced Web and Network Technologies, and Applications
Hierarchical cluster configuration scheme for scalable ad hoc networks
ICCSA'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part II
A secure on-demand source routing scheme using hierarchical clustering in mobile ad hoc networks
ISPA'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Frontiers of High Performance Computing and Networking
Mercator: self-organizing geographic connectivity maps for scalable ad-hoc routing
IWSOS'07 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Self-Organizing Systems
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Ad hoc networks have the notable capability of enabling spontaneous networks. These networks are self-initializing, self-configuring, and self-maintaining, even though the underlying topology is often continually changing. Because research has only begun to scratch the surface of the potential applications of this technology, it is important to prepare for the widespread use of these networks. In anticipation of their ubiquity, the protocols designed for these networks must be scalable. This includes scaling to both networks with many nodes, and networks with rapidly changing topologies. This paper presents two hierarchical clustering protocols that improve the scalability of ad hoc routing protocols. The Adaptive Routing using Clusters (ARC) protocol creates a one-level clustered hierarchy across an ad hoc network, while the Adaptive Routing using Clustered Hierarchies (ARCH) protocol creates a multi-level hierarchy which is able to dynamically adjust the depth of the hierarchy in response to the changing network topology. It is experimentally shown that these protocols, when coupled with an ad hoc routing protocol, produce throughput improvements of up to 80% over the ad hoc routing protocol alone.