A protocol test generation procedure
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
Model checking
A fast string searching algorithm
Communications of the ACM
A survey of communication protocol testing
Journal of Systems and Software
A Formal Approach for Passive Testing of Protocol Data Portions
ICNP '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Hit-or-Jump: An algorithm for embedded testing with applications to IN services
FORTE XII / PSTV XIX '99 Proceedings of the IFIP TC6 WG6.1 Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols (FORTE XII) and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification (PSTV XIX)
From Active to Passive: Progress in Testing of Internet Routing Protocols
FORTE '01 Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/WG6.1 - 21st International Conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems
Passive testing and applications to network management
ICNP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP '97)
Fault Identification in Networks by Passive Testing
SS '01 Proceedings of the 34th Annual Simulation Symposium (SS01)
Fast testing of critical properties through passive testing
TestCom'03 Proceedings of the 15th IFIP international conference on Testing of communicating systems
TestCom '08 / FATES '08 Proceedings of the 20th IFIP TC 6/WG 6.1 international conference on Testing of Software and Communicating Systems: 8th International Workshop
Passive Testing of Timed Systems
ATVA '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis
Robustness testing oracle using a sequence alignment algorithm
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Software Test Output Validation
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
From data mining to user models in evolutionary databases
ACIIDS'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Intelligent information and database systems: Part I
Automatically complementing protocol specifications from network traces
EWDC '11 Proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on Dependable Computing
Passive testing of web services
WS-FM'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Web services and formal methods
Information and Software Technology
Measuring test properties coverage for evaluating UML/OCL model-based tests
ICTSS'11 Proceedings of the 23rd IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Testing software and systems
A logic for assessing sets of heterogeneous testing hypotheses
TestCom'06 Proceedings of the 18th IFIP TC6/WG6.1 international conference on Testing of Communicating Systems
Passive testing – a constrained invariant checking approach
TestCom'05 Proceedings of the 17th IFIP TC6/WG 6.1 international conference on Testing of Communicating Systems
Data-centric property formulation for passive testing of communication protocols
ACC'11/MMACTEE'11 Proceedings of the 13th IASME/WSEAS international conference on Mathematical Methods and Computational Techniques in Electrical Engineering conference on Applied Computing
Passive conformance testing of service choreographies
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
An advanced approach for modeling and detecting software vulnerabilities
Information and Software Technology
Formal passive testing of timed systems: theory and tools
Software Testing, Verification & Reliability
New approach for EFSM-based passive testing of web services
TestCom'07/FATES'07 Proceedings of the 19th IFIP TC6/WG6.1 international conference, and 7th international conference on Testing of Software and Communicating Systems
A formal data-centric approach for passive testing of communication protocols
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A formal framework to specify and verify real-time properties on critical systems
International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems
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This paper presents a new methodology to perform passive testing based on invariants. This novel approach is supported by the following idea: a set of invariants represent the most relevant expected properties of the implementation under test. Intuitively, an invariant expresses the fact that each time the implementation under test performs a given sequence of actions, then it must exhibit a behavior reflected in the invariant. For example, an invariant such as i"1/o"1,...,i"n"-"1/o"n"-"1,i"n/O must be interpreted as ''each time the implementation performs the sequence i"1/o"1,...,i"n"-"1/o"n"-"1,i"nthe next observed output belongs to the set O''. We call these invariants simple invariants. In this work we introduce a new notion of invariants to deal with more subtle properties. For instance, we will consider invariants to express properties such as ''if y happens then we must have that x had happened before''. These invariants are called obligation invariants. We present algorithms to decide the correctness of the proposed invariants with respect to a given specification. Once we have that an invariant is correct with respect to a given specification, we check whether the execution traces observed from the implementation respect the invariant. In order to perform this phase we present two algorithms based, respectively, on left-to-right and right-to-left pattern matching algorithms. In addition to the theoretical framework we have developed a software tool, called TestInv, that helps in the automation of our passive testing approach. In particular, the algorithms presented in this paper are fully implemented in the tool. Finally, in order to test the usefulness of our approach we have chosen a real-life case study: the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). We present a test architecture as well as the most relevant results obtained from the application of our approach to the WAP.