Communications of the ACM
Authentication using graphical passwords: effects of tolerance and image choice
SOUPS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Usable privacy and security
PassPoints: design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special isssue: HCI research in privacy and security is critical now
Security and Usability
ACSAC '05 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Password management strategies for online accounts
SOUPS '06 Proceedings of the second symposium on Usable privacy and security
Pictures at the ATM: exploring the usability of multiple graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A large-scale study of web password habits
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
On user choice in graphical password schemes
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Why Johnny can't encrypt: a usability evaluation of PGP 5.0
SSYM'99 Proceedings of the 8th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 8
Improving password security and memorability to protect personal and organizational information
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A usability study and critique of two password managers
USENIX-SS'06 Proceedings of the 15th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 15
A second look at the usability of click-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security
Modeling user choice in the PassPoints graphical password scheme
Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security
Human-seeded attacks and exploiting hot-spots in graphical passwords
SS'07 Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium
Order and entropy in picture passwords
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Improving text passwords through persuasion
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security
Click Passwords Under Investigation
ESORICS '07 Proceedings of the 12th European symposium on Research In Computer Security
On Purely Automated Attacks and Click-Based Graphical Passwords
ACSAC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
A comprehensive study of frequency, interference, and training of multiple graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Influencing users towards better passwords: persuasive cued click-points
BCS-HCI '08 Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1
User interface design affects security: patterns in click-based graphical passwords
International Journal of Information Security
Usability and strength in click-based graphical passwords
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Purely automated attacks on passpoints-style graphical passwords
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
The security of modern password expiration: an algorithmic framework and empirical analysis
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
System security, platform security and usability
Proceedings of the fifth ACM workshop on Scalable trusted computing
An efficient user verification system via mouse movements
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Graphical passwords: Learning from the first twelve years
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Do you see your password?: applying recognition to textual passwords
Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
PassMap: a map based graphical-password authentication system
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security
Multiple password interference in graphical passwords
International Journal of Information and Computer Security
Age-related performance issues for PIN and face-based authentication systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Time evolving graphical password for securing mobile devices
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSAC symposium on Information, computer and communications security
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
POSTER: Graphical password using object-based image ranking
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
Faces and Pictures: Understanding age differences in two types of graphical authentications
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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The underlying issues relating to the usability and security of multiple passwords are largely unexplored. However, we know that people generally have difficulty remembering multiple passwords. This reduces security since users reuse the same password for different systems or reveal other passwords as they try to log in. We report on a laboratory study comparing recall of multiple text passwords with recall of multiple click-based graphical passwords. In a one-hour session (short-term), we found that participants in the graphical password condition coped significantly better than those in the text password condition. In particular, they made fewer errors when recalling their passwords, did not resort to creating passwords directly related to account names, and did not use similar passwords across multiple accounts. After two weeks, participants in the two conditions had recall success rates that were not statistically different from each other, but those with text passwords made more recall errors than participants with graphical passwords. In our study, click-based graphical passwords were significantly less susceptible to multiple password interference in the short-term, while having comparable usability to text passwords in most other respects.