The case against user interface consistency
Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM
Doodling our way to better authentication
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability and biometric verification at the ATM interface
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Moving from the design of usable security technologies to the design of useful secure applications
Proceedings of the 2002 workshop on New security paradigms
Passwords you'll never forget, but can't recall
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using personal photos as pictorial passwords
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Authentication using graphical passwords: effects of tolerance and image choice
SOUPS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Usable privacy and security
PassPoints: design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special isssue: HCI research in privacy and security is critical now
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special isssue: HCI research in privacy and security is critical now
ACSAC '05 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Déjà Vu: a user study using images for authentication
SSYM'00 Proceedings of the 9th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 9
The design and analysis of graphical passwords
SSYM'99 Proceedings of the 8th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 8
Evaluation of eye-gaze interaction methods for security enhanced PIN-entry
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Undercover: authentication usable in front of prying eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eyepass - eye-stroke authentication for public terminals
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Use Your Illusion: secure authentication usable anywhere
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security
A privacy-respectful input method for public terminals
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
A comprehensive study of frequency, interference, and training of multiple graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Guidelines for designing graphical authentication mechanism interfaces
International Journal of Information and Computer Security
Look into my eyes!: can you guess my password?
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Usability and security of out-of-band channels in secure device pairing protocols
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Exploring the Use of Discrete Gestures for Authentication
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Multiple password interference in text passwords and click-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Computer Usage by Children with Down Syndrome: Challenges and Future Research
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
ColorPIN: securing PIN entry through indirect input
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards understanding ATM security: a field study of real world ATM use
Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Purely automated attacks on passpoints-style graphical passwords
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
A hybrid graphical password based system
ICA3PP'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Algorithms and architectures for parallel processing - Volume Part II
PhorceField: a phish-proof password ceremony
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
From death to final disposition: roles of technology in the post-mortem interval
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Increasing the security of gaze-based cued-recall graphical passwords using saliency masks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Graphical passwords: Learning from the first twelve years
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Do you see your password?: applying recognition to textual passwords
Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Age-related performance issues for PIN and face-based authentication systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Faces and Pictures: Understanding age differences in two types of graphical authentications
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Users gain access to cash, confidential information and services at Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) via an authentication process involving a Personal Identification Number (PIN). These users frequently have many different PINs, and fail to remember them without recourse to insecure behaviours. This is not a failing of users. It is a usability failing in the ATM authentication mechanism. This paper describes research executed to evaluate whether users find multiple graphical passwords more memorable than multiple PINs. The research also investigates the success of two memory augmentation strategies in increasing memorability of graphical passwords. The results demonstrate that multiple graphical passwords are substantially more effective than multiple PIN numbers. Memorability is further improved by the use of mnemonics to aid their recall.This study will be of interest to HCI practitioners and information security researchers exploring approaches to usable security.