What you look at is what you get: eye movement-based interaction techniques
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An evaluation of an eye tracker as a device for computer input2
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Usability and biometric verification at the ATM interface
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EdgeWrite: a stylus-based text entry method designed for high accuracy and stability of motion
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A PIN-entry method resilient against shoulder surfing
Proceedings of the 11th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Using personal photos as pictorial passwords
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Spy-resistant keyboard: more secure password entry on public touch screen displays
OZCHI '05 Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Citizens Online: Considerations for Today and the Future
Pictures at the ATM: exploring the usability of multiple graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Reducing shoulder-surfing by using gaze-based password entry
Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security
Eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones
Mobility '07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology
Interacting with the computer using gaze gestures
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
PassShape: stroke based shape passwords
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Eyepass - eye-stroke authentication for public terminals
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PassShapes: utilizing stroke based authentication to increase password memorability
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Look into my eyes!: can you guess my password?
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Towards task-independent person authentication using eye movement signals
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Shoulder surfing defence for recall-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Increasing the security of gaze-based cued-recall graphical passwords using saliency masks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
WYSWYE: shoulder surfing defense for recognition based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
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Personal identification numbers (PINs) are one of the most common ways of electronic authentication these days and used in a wide variety of applications, especially in ATMs (cash machines). A non-marginal amount of tricks are used by criminals to spy on these numbers to gain access to the owners' valuables. Simply looking over the victims' shoulders to get in possession of their PINs is a common one. This effortless but effective trick is known as shoulder surfing. Thus, a less observable PIN entry method is desirable. In this work, we evaluate three different eye gaze interaction methods for PIN-entry, all resistant against these common attacks and thus providing enhanced security. Besides the classical eye input methods we also investigate a new approach of gaze gestures and compare it to the well known classical gaze-interactions. The evaluation considers both security and usability aspects. Finally we discuss possible enhancements for gaze gestures towards pattern based identification instead of number sequences.