Free head motion eye gaze tracking without calibration
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Twenty years of eye typing: systems and design issues
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Real-time eye detection and tracking under various light conditions
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice
Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice
Auditory and visual feedback during eye typing
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Gaze typing compared with input by head and hand
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Effects of feedback on eye typing with a short dwell time
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A PIN-entry method resilient against shoulder surfing
Proceedings of the 11th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
An embedded system for an eye-detection sensor
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Keyboard acoustic emanations revisited
Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
ACSAC '05 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Spy-resistant keyboard: more secure password entry on public touch screen displays
OZCHI '05 Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Citizens Online: Considerations for Today and the Future
Secure graphical password system for high traffic public areas
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A single camera eye-gaze tracking system with free head motion
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Cognitive Authentication Schemes Safe Against Spyware (Short Paper)
SP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Design and evaluation of a shoulder-surfing resistant graphical password scheme
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Pass-thoughts: authenticating with our minds
NSPW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on New security paradigms
Dictionary attacks using keyboard acoustic emanations
Proceedings of the 13th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
EyePoint: practical pointing and selection using gaze and keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Timing analysis of keystrokes and timing attacks on SSH
SSYM'01 Proceedings of the 10th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 10
Electromagnetic eavesdropping risks of flat-panel displays
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Evaluation of eye-gaze interaction methods for security enhanced PIN-entry
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
PassShape: stroke based shape passwords
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Undercover: authentication usable in front of prying eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eyepass - eye-stroke authentication for public terminals
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A privacy-respectful input method for public terminals
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Vibrapass: secure authentication based on shared lies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Look into my eyes!: can you guess my password?
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
On the Privacy-Preserving HCI Issues
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Addressing Diversity. Part I: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
My phone is my keypad: privacy-enhanced PIN-entry on public terminals
OZCHI '09 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7
Towards task-independent person authentication using eye movement signals
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
The secure haptic keypad: a tactile password system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shoulder-surfing resistance with eye-gaze entry in cued-recall graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Modeling dwell-based eye pointing target acquisition
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Input precision for gaze-based graphical passwords
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A graphical PIN authentication mechanism with applications to smart cards and low-cost devices
WISTP'08 Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP WG 11.2 international conference on Information security theory and practices: smart devices, convergence and next generation networks
Usably secure, low-cost authentication for mobile banking
Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
A new shoulder-surfing resistant password for mobile environments
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Analyzing human gaze path during an interactive optimization task
Proceedings of the 2010 workshop on Eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction
Effects of different visual feedback forms on eye cursor's stabilities
IDGD'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Internationalization, design and global development
Speed-accuracy trade-off in dwell-based eye pointing tasks at different cognitive levels
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on pervasive eye tracking & mobile eye-based interaction
PhorceField: a phish-proof password ceremony
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Shoulder surfing defence for recall-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Increasing the security of gaze-based cued-recall graphical passwords using saliency masks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tag association based graphical password using image feature matching
DASFAA'12 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications - Volume Part II
Move it there, or not?: the design of voice commands for gaze with speech
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction
Password entry usability and shoulder surfing susceptibility on different smartphone platforms
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia
NAPTune: fine tuning graphical authentication
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Human Computer Interaction
WYSWYE: shoulder surfing defense for recognition based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
Designing leakage-resilient password entry on touchscreen mobile devices
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSAC symposium on Information, computer and communications security
Exploring the design space of graphical passwords on smartphones
Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Pursuit calibration: making gaze calibration less tedious and more flexible
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Seeing double: reconstructing obscured typed input from repeated compromising reflections
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
Proceedings of the 2013 workshop on New security paradigms workshop
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Shoulder-surfing -- using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get passwords, PINs and other sensitive personal information -- is a problem that has been difficult to overcome. When a user enters information using a keyboard, mouse, touch screen or any traditional input device, a malicious observer may be able to acquire the user's password credentials. We present EyePassword, a system that mitigates the issues of shoulder surfing via a novel approach to user input. With EyePassword, a user enters sensitive input (password, PIN, etc.) by selecting from an on-screen keyboard using only the orientation of their pupils (i.e. the position of their gaze on screen), making eavesdropping by a malicious observer largely impractical. We present a number of design choices and discuss their effect on usability and security. We conducted user studies to evaluate the speed, accuracy and user acceptance of our approach. Our results demonstrate that gaze-based password entry requires marginal additional time over using a keyboard, error rates are similar to those of using a keyboard and subjects preferred the gaze-based password entry approach over traditional methods.