PassPoints: design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special isssue: HCI research in privacy and security is critical now
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special isssue: HCI research in privacy and security is critical now
ACSAC '05 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Pictures at the ATM: exploring the usability of multiple graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A large-scale study of web password habits
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Déjà Vu: a user study using images for authentication
SSYM'00 Proceedings of the 9th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 9
On user choice in graphical password schemes
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
The design and analysis of graphical passwords
SSYM'99 Proceedings of the 8th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 8
A second look at the usability of click-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security
Do background images improve "draw a secret" graphical passwords?
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Human-seeded attacks and exploiting hot-spots in graphical passwords
SS'07 Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium
Influencing users towards better passwords: persuasive cued click-points
BCS-HCI '08 Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1
Guidelines for designing graphical authentication mechanism interfaces
International Journal of Information and Computer Security
Personal choice and challenge questions: a security and usability assessment
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Visual passwords: cure-all or snake-oil?
Communications of the ACM - Finding the Fun in Computer Science Education
Multiple password interference in text passwords and click-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Where do security policies come from?
Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Graphical passwords: Learning from the first twelve years
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Text-based password systems are the authentication mechanism most commonly used on computer systems. Graphical passwords have recently been proposed because the pictorial-superiority effect suggests that people have better memory for images. The most widely advocated graphical password systems are based on recognition rather than recall. This approach is favored because recognition is a more effective manner of retrieval than recall, exhibiting greater accuracy and longevity of material. However, schemes such as these combine both the use of graphical images and the use of recognition as a retrieval mechanism. This paper reports on a study that sought to address this confound by exploring the recognition of text as a novel means of authentication. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences between text recognition and text recall conditions. Our study, however, showed that the conditions were comparable; we found no significant difference in memorability. Furthermore, text recognition required more time to authenticate successfully.