Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network
Wireless Networks - Selected Papers from Mobicom'99
Comparison of broadcasting techniques for mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Rumor routing algorthim for sensor networks
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The Impact of Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
ICDCSW '02 Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Effect of overhearing transmissions on energy efficiency in dense sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
AIDA: Adaptive application-independent data aggregation in wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Directed flood-routing framework for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IFIP/USENIX international conference on Middleware
A unifying link abstraction for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks
ISCC '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications 2004 Volume 2 (ISCC"04) - Volume 02
Interference-aware fair rate control in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Comparing energy-saving MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Cross-Layer Design Perspective (Signals and Communication Technology)
Adaptive Low Power Listening for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Multihop Performance
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
The state of the art in cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks
EURO-NGI'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Wireless Systems and Network Architectures in Next Generation Internet
A cautionary perspective on cross-layer design
IEEE Wireless Communications
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The efficient management of scarce network resources, including energy and bandwidth, represents a central challenge for wireless sensor networks. The current trend in resource management relies on the introduction of control mechanisms, such as control message exchanges, node-specific addressing, and storage of partial network state information. These mechanisms typically incur communication and processing overhead that does not scale well for larger or denser networks. Instead of introducing control mechanisms for network resource management, this article proposes and evaluates a Directed Broadcast with Overhearing (DBO) approach for sensor networks that combines directed broadcast at the network layer with CSMA and packet overhearing at the MAC layer. Through avoidance of control messaging and exchange of network state information, DBO trades off limited packet duplication overhead for control messaging overhead. This article introduces an analytical model that provides the basis for DBO evaluation and for analysis of the approach's transient packet retransmissions, route convergence, and energy consumption in the average and worst cases. We also present the model implementation details and the simulation experiments that explore the suitability of DBO for networks of different sizes with three different radio models that vary the width of grey regions, and we compare DBO's energy consumption against conventional unicast beacon-based and snooping-based routing protocols. The results indicate that that DBO's route convergence requires an average of five hops for ideal radio reception, seven hops for narrow grey regions, and twelve hops for wide grey regions. These results confirm that DBO shifts energy consumption from critical nodes near the base station to nodes near the source. The overall energy consumption of limited packet duplication overhead with DBO compared to unicast routing shrinks for medium- to large-size networks, rendering it more favorable than conventional communication approaches for large and dense sensor networks.