Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Direct manipulation of free-form deformations
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Spline-Based Image Registration
International Journal of Computer Vision
Scattered Data Interpolation with Multilevel B-Splines
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Image Registration Using Hierarchical B-Splines
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Generalized n-D Ck B-spline scattered data approximation with confidence values
Miar'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality
A pyramid approach to subpixel registration based on intensity
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IPMI '09 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging
Intensity based nonparametric image registration
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Approximating tumor induced brain deformation using directly manipulated free form deformation
ISBI'10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE international conference on Biomedical imaging: from nano to Macro
Diffeomorphic directly manipulated free-form deformation image registration via vector field flows
WBIR'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Biomedical Image Registration
Feature based image registration using non-degenerate pixels
Signal Processing
Local joint entropy based non-rigid multimodality image registration
Pattern Recognition Letters
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Previous contributions to both the research [1] and open source software [2] communities detailed a generalization of a fast scalar field fitting technique for cubic B-splines based on the work originally proposed by Lee et al. [3]. One advantage of our proposed generalized B-spline fitting approach is its immediate application to a class of nonrigid registration techniques frequently employed in medical image analysis. Specifically, these registration techniques fall under the rubric of free-form deformation (FFD) approaches in which the object to be registered is embedded within a B-spline object. The deformation of the B-spline object describes the transformation of the image registration solution. Representative of this class of techniques, and often cited within the relevant community, is the formulation of Rueckert et al. [4] who employed cubic splines with normalized mutual information to study breast deformation. Similar techniques from various groups provided incremental novelty in the form of disparate explicit regularization terms, as well as the employment of various image metrics and tailored optimization methods. For several algorithms, the underlying gradient-based optimization retained the essential characteristics of Rueckert's original contribution. The contribution which we provide in this paper is two-fold: 1) the observation that the generic FFD framework is intrinsically susceptible to problematic energy topographies and 2) that the standard gradient used in FFD image registration can be modified to a well-understood preconditioned form which substantially improves performance. This is demonstrated with theoretical discussion and comparative evaluation experimentation.