Smart clothing: the shift to wearable computing
Communications of the ACM
Robot Dynamics and Control
ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Multi-Sensor Context Aware Clothing
ISWC '02 Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
PadNET: Wearable Physical Activity Detection Network
ISWC '03 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
E-Textile Based Automatic Activity Diary for Medical Annotation and Analysis
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Dealing with sensor displacement in motion-based onbody activity recognition systems
UbiComp '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
SMASH: a distributed sensing and processing garment for the classification of upper body postures
BodyNets '08 Proceedings of the ICST 3rd international conference on Body area networks
Fabric PCBs, electronic sequins, and socket buttons: techniques for e-textile craft
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Recognizing Upper Body Postures using Textile Strain Sensors
ISWC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine - Special section on affective and pervasive computing for healthcare
Estimating posture-recognition performance in sensing garments using geometric wrinkle modeling
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on towards the connected body: advances in body communications
Detecting bends and fabric folds using stitched sensors
Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Measuring joint movement through garment-integrated wearable sensing
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication
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We report in this paper on a novel modeling and simulation approach to predict orientation errors of garment-attached sensors and their effect on posture classification. Such errors occur frequently in smart garment implementations and can reduce sensor information quality for movement and posture recognition. A kinematic model of the human upper-body was developed to simulate upper limb postures and the output of virtual 3D acceleration sensors. The model was enhanced with a statistical approximation of garment-related orientation errors. We derived this model from acceleration sensor deviations between skin- and garment-attached units. The feasibility of our body model and the garment-attached sensor deviation was validated in experimental data. We compared the classification performance for ten posture types that are frequently used in shoulder rehabilitation. In a validation set of 7 participants we observed similar classifier confusions and a relative error of 2.6% (SD:±3.2%) between simulation and experiment. We utilized the model to estimate classification performance for further simulated textile error distributions. Our simulations showed that classification performance depends on low deviations of an acceleration sensor at the lower arm, while a sensor at the upper arm was less critical. Moreover, we included magnetic field sensors in our simulation. With the help of this additional modality our posture classification performance increased by 18%. We conclude that simulation of skin- and garment-attached sensors is a feasible approach to expedite design and development process of smart garments.