Case-based reasoning
CSCL '99 Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning
Problem-based learning meets case-based reasoning
ICLS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences
Intra-group and intergroup: an exploration of learning with complementary collaboration tools
CSCL '97 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer support for collaborative learning
ICLS '04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences
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Transfer means extending what has been learned in one context to new contexts. This paper addresses the application part of transfer. For novice problem solvers, applying cases can be a difficult task. Case-based Reasoning (Kolodner, 1993; Schank, 1982) makes some suggestions for promoting good case application. Learning By Design™ (LBD) (Kolodner et al., 1998) builds on case-based reasoning and constructivist approaches to learning as well as classroom practices from problem based learning and communities of learners, to support both collaborative learning and learning from hands-on activities (Kolodner & Nagel, 1999). The software component to LBD, SMILE (Supportive Multi-User Interactive Learning Environment), was designed to promote the kinds of reflection that case-based reasoning suggests are needed to learn from experience. Among other tools, SMILE consisted of a Case Authoring Tool, whose role was to scaffold student's reading of an expert case such that they could write it up to present to the rest of the class. Although this tool did approach students' understanding of an expert case, it did not approach students' application of that case to their challenge. This paper reports on the Case Application Tool Suite (CATS), which supports four stages of case application -- case interpretation, matching, solution application, and solution assessment. This tool suite builds on our experiences with scaffolding design discussions (with the Design Discussion Area (DDA)) and scaffolds both case application and collaborative learning in a project-based environment.