The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Does the contingency of agents' nonverbal feedback affect users' social anxiety?
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Learning backchannel prediction model from parasocial consensus sampling: a subjective evaluation
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Persistent effects of social instructional dialog in a virtual learning environment
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Facial expressions and politeness effect in foreign language training system
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
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Research show that teacher's nonverbal immediacy can have a positive impact on student's cognitive learning and affect [3]. This paper investigates the effectiveness of nonverbal immediacy using a virtual human. The virtual human attempts to use immediacy feedback to create rapport with the learner. Results show that the virtual human established rapport with learners but did not help them achieve better learning results. The results also suggest that creating rapport is related to higher self-efficacy, and self-efficacy is related to better learning results.