The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Public Speaking in Virtual Reality: Facing an Audience of Avatars
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Social inhibition in immersive virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Contextual recognition of head gestures
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Universal Access in the Information Society
Using Multivariate Statistics (5th Edition)
Using Multivariate Statistics (5th Edition)
Social responses to virtual humans: implications for future interface design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Can virtual humans be more engaging than real ones?
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: intelligent multimodal interaction environments
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Predicting Listener Backchannels: A Probabilistic Multimodal Approach
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Agreeable People Like Agreeable Virtual Humans
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
The effect of affective iconic realism on anonymous interactants' self-disclosure
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Can Virtual Human Build Rapport and Promote Learning?
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
A probabilistic multimodal approach for predicting listener backchannels
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effect of avatar realism of virtual humans on self-disclosure in anonymous social interactions
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Adaptive expressiveness: virtual conversational agents that can align to their interaction partner
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1 - Volume 1
"It doesn't matter what you are!" Explaining social effects of agents and avatars
Computers in Human Behavior
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Speaker-adaptive multimodal prediction model for listener responses
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
I Can Help You Change! An Empathic Virtual Agent Delivers Behavior Change Health Interventions
ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS) - Special Issue on Informatics for Smart Health and Wellbeing
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We explored the association between users' social anxiety and the interactional fidelity of an agent (also referred to as a virtual human), specifically addressing whether the contingency of agents' nonverbal feedback affects the relationship between users' social anxiety and their feelings of rapport, performance, or judgment on interaction partners. This subject was examined across four experimental conditions where participants interacted with three different types of agents and a real human. The three types of agents included the Non-Contingent Agent, the Responsive Agent (opposite to the Non-Contingent Agent), and the Mediated Agent (controlled by a real human). The results indicated that people having greater social anxiety would feel less rapport and show worse performance while feeling more embarrassment if they experience the untimely feedback of the Non-Contingent Agent. The results also showed people having more anxiety would trust real humans less as their interaction partners. We discuss the implication of this relationship between social anxiety in a human subject and the interactional fidelity of an agent on the design of virtual characters for social skills training and therapy.