Computer facial animation
Overcoming phobias by virtual exposure
Communications of the ACM
Small Group Behavior Experiments in the Coven Project
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The London Travel Demonstrator
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Meeting people vitually: experiments in shared virtual environments
The social life of avatars
The digital divide: status differences in virtual environments
The social life of avatars
An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Cognitive style may mitigate the impact of communication mode
Information and Management
Rapid scene modelling, registration and specification for mixed reality systems
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Social responses to virtual humans: implications for future interface design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Does the contingency of agents' nonverbal feedback affect users' social anxiety?
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
Avatar e-mail versus traditional e-mail: Perceptual difference and media selection difference
Decision Support Systems
The impact of a mixed reality display configuration on user behavior with a virtual human
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
The role of display technology and individual differences on presence
Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
Visual attention and eye gaze during multiparty conversations with distractions
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
A crowdsourcing method to develop virtual human conversational agents
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A virtual reality dialogue system for the treatment of social phobia
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of group collaboration on presence in a collaborative virtual environment
EG VE'00 Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
The relationship between individual characteristics and experienced presence
Computers in Human Behavior
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
What happens when someone talks in public to an audience they know to be entirely computer generated-to an audience of avatars? If the virtual audience seems attentive, well-behaved, and interested, if they show positive facial expressions with complimentary actions such as clapping and nodding, does the speaker infer correspondingly positive evaluations of performance and show fewer signs of anxiety? On the other hand, if the audience seems hostile, disinterested, and visibly bored, if they have negative facial expressions and exhibit reactions such as head-shaking, loud yawning, turning away, falling asleep, and walking out, does the speaker infer correspondingly negative evaluations of performance and show more signs of anxiety? We set out to study this question during the summer of 1998. We designed a virtual public speaking scenario, followed by an experimental study. We wanted mainly to explore the effectiveness of virtual environments (VEs) in psychotherapy for social phobias. Rather than plunge straight in and design a virtual reality therapy tool, we first tackled the question of whether real people's emotional responses are appropriate to the behavior of the virtual people with whom they may interact. The project used DIVE (Distributive Interactive Virtual Environment) as the basis for constructing a working prototype of a virtual public speaking simulation. We constructed as a Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) model, a virtual seminar room that matched the actual seminar room in which subjects completed their various questionnaires and met with the experimenters