Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Musings on telepresence and virtual presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The influence of dynamic shadows on presence in immersive virtual environments
VE '95 Selected papers of the Eurographics workshops on Virtual environments '95
Proceedings of the Eurographics workshop on Virtual environments and scientific visualization '96
Interactive Multiuser VEs in the DIVE System
IEEE MultiMedia
Small Group Behavior Experiments in the Coven Project
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Public Speaking in Virtual Reality: Facing an Audience of Avatars
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring Presence: A Response to the Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
EG VE'00 Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Incorporating co-presence in distributed virtual music environment
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Embodiment and copresence in collaborative interfaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: 2004 workshop on VR design and evaluation
Understanding student engagement in 3D virtual learning environments
International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning
EG VE'00 Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
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Presence in Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) can be classified into personal presence and co-presence. Personal presence is having a feeling of "being there" in the CVE yourself. Co-presence is having a feeling that one is in the same place as the other participants, and that one is collaborating with real people. In this paper we describe an experiment used to investigate the effects that small group collaboration and interaction have on personal presence and copresence in a CVE. We hypothesise that collaboration and interaction enhances co-presence in a CVE. We found that there was a large difference in co-presence between two CVEs which produced different levels of collaboration and interaction. These two VEs were identical and only the task differed. This produced different levels of collaboration and interaction between the two VEs. Personal presence was measured subjectively, using a questionnaire developed by Slater et al. We have developed a co-presence questionnaire which assesses the levels of co-presence subjectively. A collaboration questionnaire has also been developed.