A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fitting Parameterized Three-Dimensional Models to Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Conics-based stereo, motion estimation, and pose determination
International Journal of Computer Vision
Conic Reconstruction and Correspondence From Two Views
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Direct Least Square Fitting of Ellipses
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
3-D model-based tracking of humans in action: a multi-view approach
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Interaction with Hand Gesture for a Back-Projection Wall
CGI '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International
A convenient multicamera self-calibration for virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Vision-based hand pose estimation: A review
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Propagation of Pixel Hypotheses for Multiple Objects Tracking
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Linear pose estimate from corresponding conics
Pattern Recognition
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Immersive virtual environments with life-like interaction capabilities have very demanding requirements including high-precision motion capture and high-processing speed. These issues raise many challenges for computer vision-based motion estimation algorithms. In this study, we consider the problem of hand tracking using multiple cameras and estimating its 3D global pose (i.e., position and orientation of the palm). Our interest is in developing an accurate and robust algorithm to be employed in an immersive virtual training environment, called “Virtual GloveboX” (VGX) (Twombly et al. in J Syst Cybern Inf 2:30–34, 2005), which is currently under development at NASA Ames. In this context, we present a marker-based, hand tracking and 3D global pose estimation algorithm that operates in a controlled, multi-camera, environment built to track the user’s hand inside VGX. The key idea of the proposed algorithm is tracking the 3D position and orientation of an elliptical marker placed on the dorsal part of the hand using model-based tracking approaches and active camera selection. It should be noted that, the use of markers is well justified in the context of our application since VGX naturally allows for the use of gloves without disrupting the fidelity of the interaction. Our experimental results and comparisons illustrate that the proposed approach is more accurate and robust than related approaches. A byproduct of our multi-camera ellipse tracking algorithm is that, with only minor modifications, the same algorithm can be used to automatically re-calibrate (i.e., fine-tune) the extrinsic parameters of a multi-camera system leading to more accurate pose estimates.