IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Model-Based Object Pose in 25 Lines of Code
ECCV '92 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer Vision
An Algorithm for Real-Time Stereo Vision Implementation of Head Pose and Gaze Direction Measurement
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Real Time 3D Face Pose Discrimination Based On Active IR Illumination
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 4 - Volume 4
Real-Time, Fully Automatic Upper Facial Feature Tracking
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Simultaneous Tracking of Head Poses in a Panoramic View
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 3
Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Head Pose estimation on low resolution images
CLEAR'06 Proceedings of the 1st international evaluation conference on Classification of events, activities and relationships
Estimating face pose by facial asymmetry and geometry
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Detection of head pose and gaze direction for human-computer interaction
PIT'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international tutorial and research conference on Perception and Interactive Technologies
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning
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A robust and efficient facial feature detection and tracking approach for head pose estimation is presented in this paper. Six facial feature points (inner eye corners, nostrils and mouth corners) are detected and tracked using multiple cues including facial feature intensity and its probability distribution based on a novel histogram entropy analysis, geometric characteristics and motion information. The head pose is estimated from tracked points and a 3D facial feature model using POSIT and RANSAC algorithms. The proposed method demonstrates its capability in gaze tracking in a new multimodal technology enhanced learning (TEL) environment supporting learning of social communication skills.