The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Introductory Techniques for 3-D Computer Vision
Introductory Techniques for 3-D Computer Vision
3-D Facial Pose and Gaze Point Estimation Using a Robust Real-Time Tracking Paradigm
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
An Algorithm for Real-Time Stereo Vision Implementation of Head Pose and Gaze Direction Measurement
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks
Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression Database
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Recognition of human head orientation based on artificial neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Unsupervised Learning of Head Pose through Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity
PIT '08 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE tutorial and research workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems: Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems
Feature Extraction and Selection for Inferring User Engagement in an HCI Environment
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Visual Focus of Attention in Non-calibrated Environments using Gaze Estimation
International Journal of Computer Vision
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In this contribution we extend existing methods for head pose estimation and investigate the use of local image phase for gaze detection. Moreover we describe how a small database of face images with given ground truth for head pose and gaze direction was acquired. With this database we compare two different computational approaches for extracting the head pose. We demonstrate that a simple implementation of the proposed methods without extensive training sessions or calibration is sufficient to accurately detect the head pose for human-computer interaction. Furthermore, we propose how eye gaze can be extracted based on the outcome of local filter responses and the detected head pose. In all, we present a framework where different approaches are combined to a single system for extracting information about the attentional state of a person.