Decision theory in expert systems and artificial intelligence
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Handwritten digit recognition with a back-propagation network
Advances in neural information processing systems 2
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Introduction to Bayesian Networks
Introduction to Bayesian Networks
Computer and Robot Vision
Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Computing 3-D head orientation from a monocular image sequence
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
View-Based Active Appearance Models
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Appearance-based Eye Gaze Estimation
WACV '02 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
Multi-Modal Face Tracking Using Bayesian Network
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Eye Gaze Estimation from a Single Image of One Eye
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression Database
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Synergistic Face Detection and Pose Estimation with Energy-Based Models
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
An active model for facial feature tracking
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
ICTAI '07 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence - Volume 01
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Pose Robust Face Tracking by Combining Active Appearance Models and Cylinder Head Models
International Journal of Computer Vision
Removing Pose from Face Images
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing, Part II
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Head Pose Estimation in Computer Vision: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial feature detection using distance vector fields
Pattern Recognition
A natural head pose and eye gaze dataset
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Affective-Aware Virtual Agents and Social Robots
Structure and appearance features for robust 3D facial actions tracking
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Monocular head pose estimation using generalized adaptive view-based appearance model
Image and Vision Computing
Face verification competition on the XM2VTS database
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Multiperson Visual Focus of Attention from Head Pose and Meeting Contextual Cues
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Adaptive view-based appearance models
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
A game-based corpus for analysing the interplay between game context and player experience
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
3D facial pose tracking in uncalibrated videos
PReMI'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence
Detection of head pose and gaze direction for human-computer interaction
PIT'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international tutorial and research conference on Perception and Interactive Technologies
Head Yaw Estimation From Asymmetry of Facial Appearance
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A Human–Computer Interface Using Symmetry Between Eyes to Detect Gaze Direction
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Combining Head Pose and Eye Location Information for Gaze Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Estimating the focus of attention of a person highly depends on her/his gaze directionality. Here, we propose a new method for estimating visual focus of attention using head rotation, as well as fuzzy fusion of head rotation and eye gaze estimates, in a fully automatic manner, without the need for any special hardware or a priori knowledge regarding the user, the environment or the setup. Instead, we propose a system aimed at functioning under unpretending conditions, only with the usage of simple hardware, like a normal web-camera. Our system is aimed at functioning in a human-computer interaction environment, considering a person is facing a monitor with a camera adjusted on top. To this aim, we propose in this paper two novel techniques, based on local and appearance information, estimating head rotation, and we adaptively fuse them in a common framework. The system is able to recognize head rotational movement, under translational movements of the user towards any direction, without any knowledge or a-priori estimate of the user's distance from the camera or camera intrinsic parameters.