From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Non-uniform sampling for improved appearance-based models
Pattern Recognition Letters
Constructing Facial Identity Surfaces for Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Face Identification by Fitting a 3D Morphable Model Using Linear Shape and Texture Error Functions
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Extraction of 3D Hand Shape and Posture from Image Sequences for Sign Language Recognition
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Visual Tracking Using Active Appearance Models
CRV '04 Proceedings of the 1st Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision
EvoFIT: A holistic, evolutionary facial imaging technique for creating composites
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Automatic Sign Language Analysis: A Survey and the Future beyond Lexical Meaning
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Hierarchy of Support Vector Machines for Pattern Detection
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
An active model for facial feature tracking
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Expert system segmentation of face images
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
HVPN: The Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Pose Normalization for Face Recognition
MMM '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Multimedia Modeling Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling
Fast Simplex Optimization for Active Appearance Model
PSIVT '09 Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology
Spatio-temporal constraints for on-line 3D object recognition in videos
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Automatic 3D face texture mapping framework from single image
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Pose manifold curvature is typically less near frontal face views
BTAS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Biometrics: Theory, applications and systems
Tracking multiple people with recovery from partial and total occlusion
Pattern Recognition
Use of multiple contexts for real time face identification
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
A review of active appearance models
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Towards pose-invariant 2D face classification for surveillance
AMFG'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Analysis and modeling of faces and gestures
ICVS'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Computer vision systems
Adapted active appearance models
Journal on Image and Video Processing
Probabilistic identity characterization for face recognition
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Adaptive view-based appearance models
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Personalized 3D-aided 2D facial landmark localization
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Regression based automatic face annotation for deformable model building
Pattern Recognition
Head pose estimation with one camera, in uncalibrated environments
Proceedings of the 2010 workshop on Eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
Head pose estimation using simple local gabor binary pattern
CCBR'11 Proceedings of the 6th Chinese conference on Biometric recognition
Study on synthetic face database for performance evaluation
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Pose normalization using generic 3d face model as a priori for pose-insensitive face recognition
SINOBIOMETRICS'04 Proceedings of the 5th Chinese conference on Advances in Biometric Person Authentication
Manifold estimation in view-based feature space for face synthesis across poses
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
A variational statistical framework for object detection
ICONIP'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Pose robust face tracking by combining view-based AAMs and temporal filters
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Cascade MR-ASM for locating facial feature points
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Combined online and offline information for tracking facial feature points
ICIRA'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications - Volume Part I
A Coarse to Fine Facial Key Landmark Points Locating Algorithm Based on Active Shape Model
WI-IAT '12 Proceedings of the The 2012 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 03
Statistical framework for facial pose classification
MICAI'12 Proceedings of the 11th Mexican international conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence - Volume Part I
Robust frontal view search using extended manifold learning
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Visual Focus of Attention in Non-calibrated Environments using Gaze Estimation
International Journal of Computer Vision
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We demonstrate that a small number of 2D statistical models are sufficient to capture the shape and appearance of a face from any viewpoint (full profile to fronto-parallel). Each model is linear and can be matched rapidly to new images using the Active Appearance Model algorithm. We show how such a set of models can be used to estimate head pose, to track faces through large angles of head rotation and to synthesize faces from unseen viewpoints.