Combinatorial optimization: algorithms and complexity
Combinatorial optimization: algorithms and complexity
A Novel Image Ownership Protection Scheme Based on Rehashing Concept and Vector Quantization
Fundamenta Informaticae
VQ-based watermarking scheme with genetic codebook partition
Journal of Network and Computer Applications - Special issue: Network and information security: A computational intelligence approach
A Novel Image Hiding Scheme Based on VQ and Hamming Distance
Fundamenta Informaticae
Adaptive watermark mechanism for rightful ownership protection
Journal of Systems and Software
A novel approach for fast codebook re-quantization
Pattern Recognition
Joint coding and embedding techniques for multimedia images
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A new approach to pre-processing digital image for wavelet-based watermark
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics
Adaptive embedding techniques for VQ-compressed images
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Color Image Watermarking Using Multidimensional Fourier Transforms
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
A novel fractal image watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on multistage vector quantization
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Robust Lossless Image Data Hiding Designed for Semi-Fragile Image Authentication
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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In this paper, a novel vector quantization (VQ)-based digital image watermarking scheme is proposed which retains high image quality even after embedding. The general scheme of watermarking is to embed a representative digital watermark in the protected image to claim the ownership. The robustness of watermark is important; however, the imperceptibility of embedded images also cannot be ignored. In previous papers, existing greedy technique to group codewords often results in low quality of stego-images. As an improvement to the existing techniques, two new grouping strategies, codebook-sort grouping and bipartite-match grouping are proposed in this paper to improve the quality of stego-images. Moreover, a new VQ encoder, called as shortest-group encoding method is proposed to replace the traditional VQ encoder in the purpose of embedding. Finally, in order to improve the grouping flexibility, two kinds of weights are considered in our approach. Experimental results show that all of the above approaches can improve the quality of stego-images on VQ-based watermarking.