SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Exposing digital forgeries by detecting inconsistencies in lighting
MM&Sec '05 Proceedings of the 7th workshop on Multimedia and security
Exposing digital forgeries in video by detecting duplication
Proceedings of the 9th workshop on Multimedia & security
Exposing digital forgeries through specular highlights on the eye
IH'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information hiding
A bibliography on blind methods for identifying image forgery
Image Communication
Detecting and extracting the photo composites using planar homography and graph cut
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Duplication localization and segmentation
PCM'10 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in multimedia information processing: Part I
Digital image forensics: a booklet for beginners
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Exposing photo manipulation with inconsistent shadows
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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Image compositing technology has become popular for tampering with digital photographies. We describe how such composites can be detected by enforcing the geometric and photometric constraints from shadows. In particular, we explore (i) the imaged shadow relations that are modeled by the planar homology, and (ii) the color characteristics of the shadows measured by the shadow matte. Our approach efficiently extracts these constraints from a single image and makes use of them for the digital forgery detection. Experimental results on visually plausible images demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.