On the Approximability of Influence in Social Networks

  • Authors:
  • Ning Chen

  • Affiliations:
  • ningc@ntu.edu.sg

  • Venue:
  • SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

In this paper, we study the spread of influence through a social network in a model initiated by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos [Maximizing the spread of influence through a social network, in Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGKIDD International Conference, Washington, D.C., 2003, pp. 137-146], [Influential nodes in a diffusion model for social networks, in Proceedings of the 32nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP), Lisbon, Portugal, CITI, 2005, pp. 1127-1138]: Given a graph modeling a social network, where each node $v$ has a (fixed) threshold $t_v$, the node will adopt a new product if $t_v$ of its neighbors adopt it. Our goal is to find a small set $S$ of nodes such that targeting the product to $S$ would lead to adoption of the product by a large number of nodes in the graph. We show strong inapproximability results for several variants of this problem. Our main result says that the problem of minimizing the size of $S$, while ensuring that targeting $S$ would influence the whole network into adopting the product, is hard to approximate within a polylogarithmic factor. This implies a similar result if only a fixed fraction of the network is ensured to adopt the product. Further, the hardness of approximation result continues to hold when all nodes have majority thresholds or have constant degrees and thresholds two. The latter answers a complexity question proposed in [P. A. Dreyer, Applications and Variations of Domination in Graphs, Ph.D. thesis, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 2000], [F. S. Roberts, Graph-theoretical problems arising from defending against bioterrorism and controlling the spread of fires, in Proceedings of DIMACS/DIMATIA/Renyi Combinatorial Challenges Conference, Piscataway, NJ, 2006]. When the underlying graph is a tree, we give a polynomial-time algorithm to find an optimal solution.