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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
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ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
Post-production facial performance relighting using reflectance transfer
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Face recognition under variable lighting using harmonic image exemplars
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
IWANN'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial neural networks conference on Advances in computational intelligence - Volume Part II
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In consumer video conferencing, lighting conditions are usually not ideal thus the image qualities are poor. Lighting affects image quality on two aspects: brightness and skin tone. While there has been much research on improving the brightness of the captured images including contrast enhancement and noise removal (which can be thought of as components for brightness improvement), little attention has been paid to the skin tone aspect. In contrast, it is a common knowledge for professional stage lighting designers that lighting affects not only the brightness but also the color tone which plays a critical role in the perceived look of the host and the mood of the stage scene. Inspired by stage lighting design, we propose an active lighting system which automatically adjusts the lighting so that the image looks visually appealing. The system consists of computer controllable light emitting diode light sources of different colors so that it improves not only the brightness but also the skin tone of the face. Given that there is no quantitative formula on what makes a good skin tone, we use a data driven approach to learn a good skin tone model from a collection of photographs taken by professional photographers. We have developed a working system and conducted user studies to validate our approach.